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Main Catalogs   Accounting Business Communication Business Law Economics Finance Insurance and Real Estate Management Information Systems Management and Organization Marketing Operations and Decision Sciences      Special Catalogs     Case Studies Text Chapters Mapped to Specific Cases How to Build a Book: Select Content Review & Arrange Personalize Request a Copy Keyword    Title, Author, Case #, Etc. ALEKS Homework Manager Discover Econ   Learning Solutions Group     Harvard Business School Cases — Business and Government  • To include an item in your complimentary custom book, click the item’s Add link. If there is a View link next to an item, you can view the pages by clicking on the link.  • To review the list of items you have selected so far, click on Step 2 in the progress bar above. You have successfully added all of the items to your order. Either click here to review your order or continue to add content from another title.    Bolivia and Evo Morales   Add   View  5 pp.  Case Author(s): Di Tella, Rafael ; Di Tella, Rafael ; Alfaro, Laura ; Alfaro, Laura ; Reficco, Ezequiel Publication Date: 02/08/2007 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 707041 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product.    Argentina’s Convertibility Plan   Add   View  19 pp.  Case Author(s): Di Tella, Rafael ; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 12/12/2001 Revision Date: 02/05/2004 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 702002 Geographic Setting: Argentina Event Year Start: 1989 Event Year End: 1995 Subjects: Currency; Macroeconomics; Politics; Unemployment Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (703039), 20p, by Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: Describes the political and economic development in Argentina from 1989 to 1995, with a focus on the role of the currency board. Culminates in Argentine policy makers (Menem in particular) contemplating how to respond to the tequila crisis in the middle of 1995. Focuses on the tradeoff between a fixed exchange rate to maintain price stability and the required high interest rates that impact financial stability. A rewritten version of an earlier case.    Wal-Mart and Bharti: Transforming Retail in India   Add   View  18 pp.  Case Author(s): Bose, Indranil ; Banerjee, Shilpi ; de Vries Robbe, Edo Publication Date: 08/27/2009 Product Type: Case Publisher: University of Hong Kong HBS Number: HKU845 Geographic Setting: India Subjects: Global business; Competitive strategy; Partnerships; Information & technology; Business & government; Social responsibility; Supply chain management; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (HKU846), 14p, by Indranil Bose, Shilpi Banerjee, Edo de Vries Robbe Product Description: On 27 November 2006, Bharti Enterprises Ltd (“Bharti”), one of India's principal business groups, and American retail giant Wal-Mart Stores Inc (“Wal-Mart”), entered into a joint venture with equal partnership for both companies. The partnership would give Wal-Mart access to the highly regulated Indian retail market, which was valued at US$320 billion. Bharti would own retail shops under the Wal-Mart franchise and the companies would jointly operate in areas of the Indian retail industry which were accessible for foreign investment, such as logistics and cash-and-carry. This partnership between the US retail giant and one of India's most successful corporate houses was expected to bring a dose of modernity to the Indian retail landscape. It could be questioned, however, how Wal-Mart would cope with the opposition it faced from local shop owners and civil rights groups given its poor reputation with regard to social responsibility. In addition, the state of the country's transportation network was very poor and the question remained how Wal-Mart planned to implement its supply chain management model in India.    Whelan Pharmaceuticals: Tax Factors and Global Site Selection   Add   View  12 pp.  Case Author(s): Wilson, G. Peter; Katz, Jane Palley Publication Date: 11/13/1991 Revision Date: 08/05/2005 Product Type: Case (Gen Exp) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 192066 Geographic Setting: United States Gross Revenue: $3 billion revenues Event Year Start: 1991 Event Year End: 1991 Subjects: Taxation; International business; International operations; Location of industry Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (192080), 15p, by Jane Palley Katz Product Description: Whelan Pharmaceuticals, a U.S. company with $3 billion in sales, must decide where to manufacture its newest product. In considering possible sites, both foreign and U.S., the firm must identify and make trade-offs between tax, marketing, and manufacturing factors.    Poland — 1989   Add   View  23 pp.  Case Author(s): Spar, Debora L. Publication Date: 04/20/1992 Revision Date: 09/30/1993 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 792091 Geographic Setting: Poland Event Year Start: 1989 Event Year End: 1989 Subjects: Exchange rates; Privatization; Economic development; Politics Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (794037), 17p, by Debora L. Spar; Supplement, (797057), 4p, by Eilene Zimmerman Product Description: Describes the political and economic situation in Poland in 1989, following the country's first democratic elections and the subsequent establishment of a Solidarity-led government. After examining the legacies left by 40 years of Communist rule, the case lays out the problems that face the new government and the choices it must make. Most centrally, it outlines the Sachs proposal for a rapid “leap to the market” and lays out the arguments for and against such a move. Designed to encourage students to think about the structural prerequisites for capitalism and to realize the difficulties the new Polish government will face as it tries to balance its economic and political objectives.    Reading Energy   Add   View  30 pp.  Case Author(s): Reinhardt, Forest ; Duxbury, Peggy Publication Date: 03/07/1994 Revision Date: 10/20/1994 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 794102 Geographic Setting: Illinois Number of Employees: 50 Gross Revenue: $30 million revenues Event Year Start: 1987 Event Year End: 1993 Subjects: Energy; Environmental protection; Waste disposal; Community relations; Social responsibility Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Reading Energy builds facilities that produce energy from nontraditional fuels. A privately held, entrepreneurial organization, it has spent six years developing a plan to build a waste-to-energy plant in the town of Robbins, Illinois. The plant would burn municipal solid waste, producing electricity for sale to the local utility. Its economics are driven by the cost of alternative waste disposal technologies (mostly landfills) and by the Public Regulatory Policy Act of 1978, which ensures a market for the power. Reading's project has been delayed by political opposition at both the local and state levels. Robbins is a poor community, and some of Reading's antagonists have invoked environmental justice as a reason to oppose the project. Tom Cassel, the engineer who founded Reading, is negotiating contracts for waste with nearby municipalities. He needs to consider price, risk allocation, and other economic factors, in addition to political and social issues, in designing his firm's strategy and tactics.    The Future of Iraq Project (B)   Add   View  4 pp.  Case Author(s): Maurer, Noel ; Tarontsi, Sogomon Publication Date: 09/21/2009 Revision Date: 12/02/2009 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710016 Event Year Start: 2003 Event Year End: 2009 Subjects: Foreign investment Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: The first round of bidding on the rights to develop Iraq's oil field did not go as planned. All the bidding groups wanted to charge a fee per barrel that the Iraqi government considered too high. As a result, the Iraqi government conducted the auction a second time, this time making it clear that it would not consider fees above $2.00 per barrel. (In addition, the winner needed to deposit $500 million with the Iraqi oil ministry.) Only one bid was accepted: a consortium of the company formerly known as British Petroleum (now BP), the China National Petroleum Company (CNPC), and the Iraqi-state-owned South Oil Company. The consortium had previously bid $3.99 for the same field. It now had to negotiate the actual terms of the contract with the Iraqi government. In addition, the executives in London and Beijing needed to decide whether it made sense to exercise the option they had just purchased. Would they be throwing good money after bad by investing in the Rumaila super-giant field at such a low fee per barrel, or would there be strategic returns down the line?    Acid Rain: Burlington Northern, Inc. (A)   Add   View  26 pp.  Case Author(s): Reinhardt, Forest Publication Date: 10/01/1991 Revision Date: 08/30/1993 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 792018 Geographic Setting: United States Gross Revenue: $5 billion revenues Event Year Start: 1989 Event Year End: 1989 Subjects: Economic analysis; Environmental protection; Politics Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement, (792019), 2p, by Forest Reinhardt Product Description: Burlington Northern (BN) hauls low-sulfur coal from the northern Great Plains to electric utilities in the Midwest. Acid rain legislation may affect the geographic scope of BN's markets. Railroad managers need to assess the economic effects of acid rain controls and their chances of influencing the controls' structure.    Employment at Will: A Legal Perspective   Add   View  7 pp.  Case Author(s): Paine, Lynn Sharp; Paine, Lynn Sharp; Bruner, Christopher M. Publication Date: 08/08/2005 Revision Date: 02/01/2010 Product Type: Note Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 306036 Subjects: Labor relations; Work force management; Legal aspects of business; Dismissing employees Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Provides a brief overview of the employment-at-will doctrine, an important concept unique to the U.S. legal system and business landscape. Briefly surveys the history and development of this doctrine and certain limitations and exceptions to it, as well as some of the distinguishing features of the employment termination process in the United States relative to other countries.    The Business Environment of Nigeria   Add   View  26 pp.  Case Author(s): McKern, Bruce ; Meza, Philip ; Osayande, Ekinadese ; Denend, Lyn Publication Date: 01/19/2010 Product Type: Case Publisher: Stanford University HBS Number: IB90 Geographic Setting: Nigeria Subjects: Country analysis; Economic indicators; Globalization; Economic development; International business; Competitive advantage Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: The Federal Republic of Nigeria was the most populous country in Africa. According to a July 2009 estimate, it was also the world's 8th largest nation. With land area roughly twice the size of California, Nigeria was rich in natural resources, especially oil. However, the country seemed to have mineral wealth in equal measure to its economic, social, and political troubles. For decades, the country had grappled with tumultuous military rule, religious and ethnic unrest, as well as a highly unequal allocation of resources. Nevertheless, recent reforms and developments in key sectors had boosted economic growth and spurred a sense of optimism for the country's future. The question was whether or not Nigeria could sustain this momentum, overcome its key challenges, and create a business environment that would allow it to compete on an international level. This paper provides a brief history of Nigeria and explores its current position in the global economy.    Project Valuation in Emerging Markets   Add   View  17 pp.  Case Author(s): Kennedy, Robert E. Publication Date: 05/14/2002 Product Type: Note Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 702077 Subjects: Valuation; Emerging markets; International business; Project finance Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Reviews the issues managers face when attempting to value projects abroad. These include dealing with multiple currencies, adjusting for country and industry risk, and considering expropriation and devaluation risk.    Japanese Financial System: From Postwar to the New Millennium   Add   View  31 pp.  Case Author(s): Schaede, Ulrike Publication Date: 10/20/1999 Revision Date: 05/10/2001 Product Type: Note Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 700049 Geographic Setting: Japan Subjects: Business government relations; Economic development Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (700089), 22p, by Ulrike Schaede Product Description: Describes the development of the Japanese financial system, from extensive regulation and fund allocation through administrative guidance in the 1950s to the banking crisis and legal and structural reorganization in the 1990s. Special emphasis is on the processes of regulation, the inherent logic of the early postwar system, and the forces that triggered change in the 1980s. Extensive data materials are provided.    Japan: The Miracle Years   Add   View  28 pp.  Case Author(s): Wells, Louis T., Jr. Publication Date: 10/17/2001 Revision Date: 02/16/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 702014 Geographic Setting: Japan Event Year Start: 1952 Event Year End: 1971 Subjects: Country analysis; Inflation; Balance of payments; Exports; Imports Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Japan experienced rapid growth in the 1950s and 1960s while following a set of policies that differ from current policies in fashion. Although some observers believe that Japanese growth occurred in spite of the policies rather than because of them, several countries have looked to Japan's approach during this period as a way to accelerate their own growth. This case provides data on performance and describes the important institutions, policies, and control tools that were used in Japan. A rewritten version of two earlier cases.    Introduction to Business, Government, and the International Economy (BGIE), Course Overview   Add   View  5 pp.  Case Author(s): Duggan, Catherine S.M.; Musacchio, Aldo ; Weinzierl, Matthew C. Publication Date: 01/11/2010 Product Type: Course Overview Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710045 Subjects: Business & government Academic Discipline: Business & government    China: To Float or Not to Float? (C ): Esquel Group and the Chinese Renminbi   Add   View  8 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura ; Alfaro, Laura ; Di Tella, Rafael ; Di Tella, Rafael ; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 03/06/2006 Revision Date: 11/20/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 706023 Geographic Setting: China Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Currency; Exchange rates; Macroeconomics; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (706060), 21p, by Laura Alfaro, Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: In July 2005, China revalued its currency by 2.1% and adjusted its exchange rate regime toward a more market-based system. Esquel Group, a family-run, privately held textiles firm specializing in high-quality cotton shirts with its most significant manufacturing base located in China, was among those companies confronted with the challenge of addressing the revaluation of the yuan and the possibility of future appreciation. Provides a brief overview of China's textile industry and background on Esquel Group.    Brazil 2003: Inflation Targeting and Debt Dynamics   Add   View  24 pp.  Case Author(s): Di Tella, Rafael ; Di Tella, Rafael ; Alfaro, Laura ; Alfaro, Laura ; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 02/03/2004 Revision Date: 03/10/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 704028 Geographic Setting: Brazil Event Year Start: 1999 Event Year End: 2003 Subjects: Debt management; Economy; Macroeconomics; Inflation; Emerging markets; Monetary policy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (704039), 19p, by Rafael Di Tella, Laura Alfaro, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: In October 2002, Brazilians elected a left-wing president, Luis Inacio Lula da Silva, for the first time in that country's history. As markets faltered in response, Lula sought to reaffirm his commitment to fiscal discipline, a floating exchange rate, and inflation targeting. By August 2003, however, his attempt to change market sentiment was threatened as the country faced a looming recession. Skeptics began to worry that the new PT (Worker's Party) government would be forced to resort to printing money to meet its campaign promises. Furthermore, after Argentina's massive default on its public debt at the end of 2001, observers were questioning the sustainability of Brazil's debt situation. Lula was under intense pressure to deliver results immediately and implement measures that would help spur the economy.    Ben Bernanke: Person of the Year?   Add   View  4 pp.  Case Author(s): Iyer, Lakshmi ; Weinzierl, Matthew C. Publication Date: 01/21/2010 Revision Date: 02/19/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710051 Geographic Setting: United States Event Year Start: 2009 Event Year End: 2010 Subjects: Fiscal policy; Monetary policy; Business & government; GDP Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: In response to the economic and financial crisis of 2008-2009, the Federal Reserve greatly expanded the scale and scope of its activities. Though lauded by many experts for its actions, the Fed and its chairman, Ben Bernanke, faced harsh criticism from some public commentators and members of Congress. This document summarizes that criticism and Chairman Bernanke's responses to it, highlighting the tension between congressional oversight of the Fed and the Fed's independence from political influence.    Antitrust Economics   Add   View  10 pp.  Case Author(s): Shapiro, Carl Publication Date: 02/01/2010 Product Type: Case Publisher: California Management Review HBS Number: CMR452 Subjects: Economic policy; Economic theory; Antitrust laws Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Oliver Williamson has made fundamental contributions to antitrust economics, going back to 1966 when he was Special Economic Assistant to the Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust in the U.S. Department of Justice. Williamson was ahead of his time. In the intervening years, antitrust law has followed in the direction charted by Williamson.    USSR — 1990   Add   View  24 pp.  Case Author(s): Emmons, Willis Publication Date: 03/16/1990 Revision Date: 05/11/1993 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 390155 Event Year Start: 1921 Event Year End: 1990 Subjects: Crisis management; Country analysis; Economic planning; Economic development Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (391103), 24p, by Willis Emmons; Supplement, (391161), 3p, by Willis Emmons Product Description: Describes the political, economic, and social development of the USSR from 1921-90. Particular emphasis is placed on 1) institutional change, 2) the costs and benefits of central economic planning, and 3) the political economy of perestroika under Mikhail Gorbachev. Provides the opportunity for students to carry out a detailed country analysis of the Soviet Union — its goals, strategy, and performance over time. Set in March 1990 when the country is facing shortages of food and consumer goods, the Lithuanian secession, the introduction of multi-party democracy, and the legalization of some forms of private property. Students can thus evaluate the options available to Gorbachev for steering the nation through the greatest period of change since its founding.    Sarbanes-Oxley Act   Add   View  13 pp.  Case Author(s): Paine, Lynn Sharp; Weber, James Publication Date: 03/10/2004 Revision Date: 07/12/2004 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 304079 Geographic Setting: United States Event Year Start: 2002 Event Year End: 2002 Subjects: Accounting; Politics; Laws & regulations; Corporate governance; Legal aspects of business; Accountability Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Describes the evolution and passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 from the perspective of the senior counsel on capital markets for the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services.    Real Blue? Viagra and Intellectual Property Rights Law in China   Add   View  25 pp.  Case Author(s): Abrami, Regina; Manty, Tracy Yuen Publication Date: 02/17/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 910409 Geographic Setting: China Number of Employees: 4,000 Gross Revenue: $48 million Event Year Start: 2004 Event Year End: 2007 Subjects: Laws & regulations; Business & government Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: On July 5, 2004, Pfizer's China team received disappointing news. China's patent review board just invalidated the company's existing patent on one of its most successful drugs, Viagra. Making matters worse, a Guangdong-based pharmaceutical company laid claim to Viagra's street name “Wei Ge” (Great Brother), arguing that the term was not a well-known trademark in China. With two lawsuits related to intellectual property rights now pending in China, Pfizer wondered whether trade politics or the rule of law would prevail.    Schweizerische Maschinenfabrik Zug, A.G.   Add   View  15 pp.  Case Author(s): Enright, Michael J. Publication Date: 01/05/1995 Revision Date: 10/06/1995 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 795026 Geographic Setting: Switzerland Number of Employees: 5,900 Gross Revenue: $800 million revenues Event Year Start: 1992 Event Year End: 1992 Subjects: Exchange rates; International business; Competition; Strategy formulation; Machinery Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (796188), 16p, by Michael J. Enright, Victor Kantor Burg Product Description: Schweizerische Maschinenfabrik Zug (SMZ), a 110-year old Swiss machinery firm, faces several issues at the end of 1992. It's not clear whether the company will be able to maintain its traditional price premium in the face of foreign competition. The firm must chart a course through the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, political change in Eastern Europe, instability in the European Monetary System, and uncertainty over Switzerland's future in Europe.    Japan: Deficits, Demography, and Deflation   Add   View  23 pp.  Case Author(s): Vietor, Richard H.K. Publication Date: 07/22/2005 Revision Date: 12/06/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 706004 Geographic Setting: Japan Subjects: Economy; Economic growth; Pension plans; Demographics; Retirees Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (706020), 8p, by Richard H.K. Vietor Product Description: By 2005, Japan's debt had risen to 163% of GDP. For more than a decade, the government had run huge deficits, trying unsuccessfully to stimulate economic growth. Interest rates, meanwhile, had been zero for years. But with slow growth and banks in crisis, nothing had worked very well until some recovery in 2004. Now, the government is trying to repair its fiscal damage in the face of continuing slow growth and huge pension and health care obligations to a population that is aging fast. Hezio Takenaka, the minister for economy and postal privatization, faces a imposing agenda — to restart the economy while lowering the deficits and reforming social security.    International Lobbying and The Dow Chemical Company (B): Regulatory Reform in the USA?   Add   View  4 pp.  Case Author(s): Daemmrich, Arthur A. Publication Date: 11/12/2009 Revision Date: 02/12/2010 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710028 Geographic Setting: Europe Subjects: Business & government Academic Discipline: Business & government    International Lobbying and The Dow Chemical Company (A)   Add   View  32 pp.  Case Author(s): Daemmrich, Arthur A. Publication Date: 11/12/2009 Revision Date: 03/23/2010 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710027 Geographic Setting: Europe Number of Employees: 45000 Gross Revenue: $57 million Event Year Start: 2001 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Public relations; Business government relations; International business; Product safety; Business & government; European Union Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement, (710028), 4p, by Arthur A. Daemmrich Product Description: This case explores company strategy, business-government relations, and collective action challenges associated with international and domestic lobbying regarding regulation of the chemical industry. In the fall of 2006, a five-year legislative process for a major new law regulating chemicals in the European Union appeared to be nearing its conclusion. REACH, the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals, would create a new European Chemicals Agency, require companies to submit testing data on existing and new compounds, and restrict the manufacture of hazardous substances. Andrew Liveris, CEO of the Dow Chemical Company, has to decide whether the company should engage in direct discussions with the European Parliament and Commission, with the implication that the company can influence the regulations but also would have to support the final outcome. The case summarizes Dow's history, competitive dynamics in the sector, and regulation of the chemical industry before describing the REACH legislative process and various approaches to lobbying used by chemical companies, trade groups, and environmental NGOs.    World Bank and Knowledge Management: The Case of the Urban Services Thematic Group   Add   View  22 pp.  Case Author(s): Fulmer, William E. Publication Date: 01/05/2001 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 801157 Geographic Setting: District of Columbia Number of Employees: 9,000 Event Year Start: 1999 Event Year End: 1999 Subjects: Developing countries; Economic development; Urban development; Knowledge management Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: The World Bank has implemented a knowledge management initiative. One of its communities of practice is to take the lead in a $50 billion commitment to address urban slums. The community of practice is struggling with its mission and how knowledge management can help.    U.S. Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Policy Reactions (B)   Add   View  20 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Kim, Renee Publication Date: 04/07/2009 Revision Date: 06/03/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 709045 Event Year Start: 2008 Event Year End: 2009 Subjects: Crisis management; Fiscal policy; Economic policy; Inflation; Government policy; Monetary policy; Policy making; Business & government Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (710003), 15p, by Laura Alfaro, Renee Kim Product Description: In March 2009, the U.S. economy was in a severe recession not seen since the Great Depression after the subprime mortgage crisis had spiraled out of control. The situation had dramatically changed in one year since the Federal Reserve Board had helped to bailout investment bank Bear Stearns. Deflation, not inflation, had become a top concern. Interest rates were near zero percent. Five million jobs had been lost. The new Barack Obama administration had pushed forward with a $787 billion stimulus package, coupled with various programs to address the frozen credit markets and depressed investors' confidence. Yet the burning question in every policymakers' mind was — how effective would the various plans work to revive the U.S. economy?    North American Free Trade Agreement: Free For Whom?   Add   View  30 pp.  Case Author(s): Shapiro, Helen; Dininio, Phyllis Publication Date: 05/06/1992 Revision Date: 02/09/1994 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 792049 Geographic Setting: Canada; United States; Mexico Subjects: Political risk; Economic development; International trade; Labor unions Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (792059), 23p, by Helen Shapiro Product Description: Mexico, the United States, and Canada have negotiated a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that would create the largest free trade zone in the world. The union would build on the three-year-old Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Canada. Proponents claim that NAFTA is a “win-win-win” situation, but its detractors argue that it would reduce wages, create unemployment, and generate environmental problems. NAFTA's easy ratification was called into question by the election of President Bill Clinton in the United States and the resignation of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney in Canada.    Foreign Direct Investment and Ireland’s Tiger Economy (B)   Add   View  10 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Johnson, Matthew Publication Date: 03/05/2010 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710057 Geographic Setting: Europe; Ireland Event Year Start: 2008 Event Year End: 2010 Subjects: Developing countries; Foreign investment; Globalization; Government policy; Growth strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (706025), 12p, by Laura Alfaro    Environmental Risk Management at Chevron Corp.   Add   View  28 pp.  Case Author(s): Reinhardt, Forest; Mandelli, Monica; Burns, Jennifer Publication Date: 03/10/1999 Revision Date: 04/01/1999 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 799062 Gross Revenue: $40 billion revenues Event Year Start: 1997 Event Year End: 1999 Subjects: Quantitative analysis; Environmental protection; International business; Risk assessment; Risk management; Decentralization Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (799112), 24p, by Forest Reinhardt Product Description: Chevron Corp., headquartered in San Francisco, manages a worldwide, vertically integrated value chain from the oil well to the gasoline station. Mishandling of oil at any stage of production can damage the natural environment, human health, corporate profitability, or all three. But at the same time Chevron needs to be prudent about the amount of money it spends on measures to manage these risks, and environmental programs within the firm can conflict with a long-standing tradition of decentralized management. To manage risks more efficiently, Chevron executives are contemplating the use of quantitative decision tools that enable operating managers to compute rough benefit-cost ratios for various alternative risk management projects. The case focuses on the pros and cons of using such tools within the context of Chevron's overall system for environmental risk management.    Consumer Lending in Japan: Citi CFJ (A)   Add   View  20 pp.  Case Author(s): Trumbull, Gunnar; Kanno, Akiko Publication Date: 10/01/2008 Revision Date: 09/10/2009 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 709017 Geographic Setting: Japan Event Year Start: 2000 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Consumer credit; Foreign investment Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement, (710018), 8p, by Gunnar Trumbull, Akiko Kanno Product Description: Despite a tradition of high household savings, Japan has supported a dynamic and technically sophisticated consumer lending sector. The high profitability of the sector has periodically attracted interest from domestic banks as well as international investors. Most recently, in 1998 and 2000 respectively, GE Capital and Citi Financial both acquired Japanese consumer lending companies. In 2006, when the Japanese Supreme Court rules that one of the big Japanese consumer lenders must repay a borrower for “excess interest payments,” the US firms must decide how to respond.    U.S. Healthcare Reform: International Perspectives   Add   View  32 pp.  Case Author(s): Daemmrich, Arthur A.; Pineiro, Elia Publication Date: 02/26/2010 Revision Date: 04/19/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710040 Geographic Setting: United States; Germany; United Kingdom Event Year Start: 2009 Event Year End: 2010 Subjects: Globalization; Health care policy Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: The national economic implications of rising healthcare costs were poorly understood, even as the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom instituted reforms in early 2010. Presenting opportunities for cross-national policy learning, this case describes the political economy of healthcare reform. In late March 2010, a major healthcare reform act was signed into law in the United States, expanding coverage and regulating insurers. However, it was not clear that expanding coverage would resolve a longstanding dilemma of rising costs for insurance and care. As the Department of Health and Human Services implemented the new law, it drew on lessons from Germany, which had implemented changes to regulated but competitive insurance and provider markets, and the United Kingdom, which had introduced market-style initiatives while keeping insurance and delivery under the National Health Service.    The Kaesong Industrial Complex (A)   Add   View  26 pp.  Case Author(s): Roscini, Dante; Werker, Eric; Yeo, Nan-koo Publication Date: 10/14/2009 Revision Date: 04/23/2010 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710022 Geographic Setting: South Korea Event Year Start: 2009 Subjects: Political risk; Foreign investment; International relations; International trade; Trade agreements; Trade policy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement, (710023), 1p, by Dante Roscini, Eric Werker, Nan-koo Yeo    Colbun — Powering Chile   Add   View  31 pp.  Case Author(s): Reinhardt, Forest; Herrero, Gustavo A.; Patnaik, Sanjay Publication Date: 06/03/2009 Revision Date: 04/14/2010 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 709060 Geographic Setting: Chile; Latin America Number of Employees: 700 Gross Revenue: $1.3 billion (FY2008) Event Year Start: 2009 Subjects: Business government relations; Energy; Economic development; Politics; Laws & regulations; Long term planning; Strategic planning; Government Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: This case is about Colbun, Chile's second largest electricity generator, which is facing significant uncertainty regarding the cost and availability of alternative energy sources. Problems with the contracted supply of natural gas and the volatility of oil prices, coupled with regulatory changes made by the government, force Colbun to revise its business strategy and its sourcing mix. New legislation will replace historically regulated electricity prices for certain customers with free market prices and therefore change the conditions under which the company must operate. The case also deals with the pros and cons of various energy sources in view of their perceived environmental impact. As the company's CEO, Bernardo Larrain Matte has to take all these different considerations into account when planning Colbun's future, especially in the light of new opportunities and challenges posed by global climate change. The case analyzes the Chilean electricity sector and the operations of Colbun to illustrate the complexities associated with conducting business under the influence of global energy markets, government regulations, and environmental activism.    Assessing Foreign Business Practices   Add   View  6 pp.  Case Author(s): Galton, Zanley; Spar, Debora L. Publication Date: 12/16/1995 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 796105 Subjects: Cross cultural relations; Foreign investment; International business; International trade; Legal aspects of business; Ethics Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: As businesses expand worldwide, corporations are increasingly being forced to grapple with definitions of “acceptable” foreign conduct. What differentiates a “bribe” from a “commission”? Should managers abroad refer to local custom or their own national laws in determining how to respond to ambiguous or conflicting situations? The case contains 10 short scenarios and asks students to evaluate how they would respond to each.    USSR — 1990, Supplement   Add   View  3 pp.  Case Author(s): Emmons, Willis Publication Date: 02/22/1991 Revision Date: 03/08/1993 Product Type: Supplement Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 391161 Subjects: Crisis management; Country analysis; Economic planning; Economic development Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Provides an update of key social, political, and economic outcomes in the Soviet Union over the period April 1990 to February 1991.    Petrobras in Ecuador (C): Lula and Political Risk at Home   Add   View  4 pp.  Case Author(s): Musacchio, Aldo; Goldberg, Lena G. Publication Date: 08/21/2009 Revision Date: 09/02/2009 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 310029 Geographic Setting: Ecuador Event Year Start: 2007 Event Year End: 2008 Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (311043), 19p, by Aldo Musacchio, Lena G. Goldberg    French Unemployment: The Crisis Continues   Add   View  16 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Vachey, Patrick; Dessain, Vincent Publication Date: 10/16/2006 Revision Date: 07/06/2007 Product Type: Supplement Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 707020 Subjects: Economic policy; Unemployment Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (796048), 24p, by David A. Moss Product Description: Supplements the (A) case. An abstract is not available for this product.    Europe in 1996   Add   View  24 pp.  Case Author(s): Pill, Huw; Anagnostopoulos, Effie Publication Date: 04/09/1997 Revision Date: 02/25/2002 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 797047 Geographic Setting: Europe Event Year Start: 1945 Event Year End: 1996 Subjects: EC single market; International trade Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (702073), 14p, by Huw Pill Product Description: Describes the process of economic and political integration in Europe in the period since 1945. The main issues discussed are: the common market; the single market; economic and monetary union; EU enlargement encompassing the former centrally planned economies; and EU institutional reform.    Bohemian Crowns: Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka (A)   Add   View  27 pp.  Case Author(s): Abdelal, Rawi; Dessain, Vincent; Stachowiak, Monika Publication Date: 09/21/2004 Revision Date: 05/30/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 705007 Geographic Setting: Czech Republic Event Year Start: 1990 Event Year End: 2000 Subjects: Mergers & acquisitions; Country analysis; Privatization; Business government relations; Economic development; Government policy; Expansion Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement, (705008), 6p, by Rawi Abdelal, Monika Stachowiak; Case Teaching Note, (706068), 22p, by Rawi Abdelal Product Description: Tells the story of the Czech transition from a centrally planned to a free market economy, describing the first economic reforms, the fixed-exchange rate regime, and the voucher privatization. Also explains why, in the middle of the 1990s, the Czech Republic liberalized its capital account and how this affected the Czech banking system, leading to a massive credit boom. Explores why Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka (CSOB), the country's fourth largest bank, decided not to participate in the credit boom and how CSOB determined and pursued its expansion strategy. Students assume the position of Pavel Kavanek, CSOB's CEO who, in June 2000, must decide whether CSOB should acquire IPB, another large Czech bank on the brink of bankruptcy.    Are bank bailouts un-American?   Add   View  5 pp.  Case Author(s): Udell, Gregory F. Publication Date: 09/15/2010 Product Type: Case Publisher: Business Horizons HBS Number: BH401 Subjects: Economy Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: This executive digest explores the issue of whether bank bailouts are “un-American” and suggests measures that may be taken to address the situation.    Du Pont Freon Products Division (B)   Add   View  1 pp.  Case Author(s): Vietor, Richard H.K.; Reinhardt, Forest Publication Date: 01/20/1989 Revision Date: 10/21/1993 Product Type: Supplement (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 389112 Subjects: Environmental protection; Corporate strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (794046), 26p, by Richard H.K. Vietor, Forest Reinhardt Product Description: Supplements the (A) case.    Du Pont Freon Products Division (A)   Add   View  30 pp.  Case Author(s): Vietor, Richard H.K.; Reinhardt, Forest Publication Date: 01/20/1989 Revision Date: 03/28/1995 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 389111 Geographic Setting: United States Gross Revenue: $20 billion revenues Event Year Start: 1988 Event Year End: 1988 Subjects: Environmental protection; Corporate strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement, (389112), 1p, by Richard H.K. Vietor, Forest Reinhardt; Case Teaching Note, (794046), 26p, by Richard H.K. Vietor, Forest Reinhardt Product Description: In 1988, the Du Pont Co. is abruptly confronted with solid scientific evidence that chlorofluorocarbons are destroying the earth's ozone shield. Du Pont, with its Freon brand product line serving markets for foam insulation, electronics solvents, and especially refrigeration, was the world's leading producer of these chemicals. Although no substitutes were currently commercially available, or even proven, Du Pont had to decide what to do. The purpose of the case is to examine how changing science and environmental problems affect competitive conditions and corporate strategy. In particular, the case examines the criteria by which companies formulate policy.    China: “To Get Rich Is Glorious”   Add   View  27 pp.  Case Author(s): Kennedy, Robert E.; Vietor, Richard H.K.; Galef, Julia Publication Date: 11/17/2006 Revision Date: 04/05/2007 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 707022 Geographic Setting: China Gross Revenue: $2.2 trillion revenues Event Year Start: 1976 Event Year End: 1997 Subjects: Exchange rates; Macroeconomics; Privatization; Foreign investment; Economic development; Politics Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (708008), 7p, by Richard H.K. Vietor Product Description: In 1978, Deng Xiaoping assumed the leadership of an impoverished China, after Mao Zedong's disastrous Cultural Revolution. During the next 17 years, Deng applied pragmatic policies to liberalize the Chinese economy gradually while maintaining the power of the Communist state. In hindsight, this strategy was among the most successful development strategies ever. Reviews Chinese political history and explores in detail eight parts of Deng's development strategy. Concludes by looking at the problems facing Jiang Zemin in 1997 as he takes control of China for the next leg of economic development. A rewritten version of an earlier case.    Vale: Global Expansion in the Challenging World of Mining   Add   View  28 pp.  Case Author(s): Khanna, Tarun; Musacchio, Aldo; Reisen De Pinho, Ricardo Publication Date: 04/23/2010 Revision Date: 06/30/2010 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710054 Geographic Setting: Brazil Number of Employees: >100,000 Gross Revenue: $24 billion Event Year Start: 2009 Subjects: Political risk; Business & government; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: To maximize their effectiveness, color cases should be printed in color. In 2009 the management of Vale, a Brazilian diversified mining company and the largest iron ore producer in the world, was under pressure from at least two fronts. First, the emergence of China as the most important consumer of iron ore in the last few years had changed the pricing system for iron ore from long-term contracts based on negotiated “benchmark prices” to contracts based on spot prices, usually forcing mining companies to pay for shipping. Second, for Brazil's charismatic president, Lula, a former union leader, Vale's layoffs during the global financial crisis and its perceived move away from Brazil (as Vale increased its exports to China and purchased Chinese vessels to ship iron ore to Asia) were reasons to start an open campaign to pressure Vale and Agnelli to invest in integrated steel mills in Brazil. In October of 2009, the CEO of Vale, Roger Agnelli was going to meet with Lula and had to decide what to do to attenuate these political pressures. What could Agnelli do to deal with political pressures at home? Was the purchase of large vessels to ship iron ore to Asia a good decision at a time when the shipping industry had spare capacity?    The Precautionary Principle   Add   View  24 pp.  Case Author(s): Toffel, Michael W.; Uludere Aragon, Nazli Z. Publication Date: 06/28/2010 Product Type: Note Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 610043 Event Year Start: 2010 Subjects: Environmental protection; Government policy; Laws & regulations; International business; Innovation; Technology; Business & government; Government regulations Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: This note describes the precautionary principle and its key tenets, highlights challenges associated with its use, and includes many examples of its application, primarily within the realm of regulating activities based on the risk of harm to human health and the environment. Appendices provide detailed examples of how the precautionary principle has been applied to regulations in three key industries: agriculture, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Describes various forms of the precautionary principle, its widespread adoption in international agreements, its distinction from cost-benefit analysis, its shift of the burden of proving that activities are safe from regulators to industry, and the importance of considering Type I and Type II errors and status quo bias when contemplating whether to evoke the precautionary principle.    Service performance measurement in a New Zealand local government organization   Add   View  7 pp.  Case Author(s): Breitbarth, Tim; Mitchell, Rob; Lawson, Robert Publication Date: 07/15/2010 Product Type: Case Publisher: Business Horizons HBS Number: BH396 Geographic Setting: New Zealand Subjects: Local government Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: This article provides background to measuring local government service performance in New Zealand and charts the practice of measuring service levels developed for a large city council. Projects were completed in 2007, 2008, and 2009 for the purpose of informing the city council's strategy development and management decision making. In each case, data were gathered utilizing a range of quantitative and qualitative methods. The evaluation was designed around five interlinked processes. Both service performance and service importance were evaluated using the Orange Consulting Service Performance Index, which combines both dimensions and provides comparable data across the council service areas. The methodology was officially approved by the Office of the New Zealand Auditor-General in 2009.    Mexico: Crisis and Competitiveness   Add   View  28 pp.  Case Author(s): Musacchio, Aldo; Vietor, Richard H.K.; Garcia-Cueller, Regina Publication Date: 04/07/2010 Revision Date: 06/30/2010 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710058 Geographic Setting: Mexico Event Year Start: 2010 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: In 2010, the bicentennial anniversary of Mexico's revolution against Spain, President Felipe Calderon hoped he could orchestrate several crucial reforms that Mexico needed. Mexico had not grown much over the course of the last decade, losing competitiveness to China and other Asian countries. Several of its institutions, including labor, education, healthcare, energy and antitrust seemed uncompetitive. But with a weaker peso and greater governmental attention to infrastructure, Calderon hoped that Mexico's higher-tech exports could recapture US market share and make headway in Europe and Latin America.    India: The Road to Inclusive Growth   Add   View  11 pp.  Case Author(s): Iyer, Lakshmi; Schlefer, Jonathan Publication Date: 03/22/2010 Revision Date: 07/16/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710046 Geographic Setting: India Event Year Start: 2010 Subjects: Fiscal policy; GDP Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (711009), 10p, by Lakshmi Iyer Product Description: In 2010, India faced the challenge of achieving the twin goals of double digit GOP growth and inclusive development. Would the Congress party, which won a strong electoral mandate in 2009, be able to achieve these goals in a context of rising internal conflict, fiscal constraints, regional instability and a global economic slowdown?    In the Spotlight: The Market for Iron Ore   Add   View  6 pp.  Case Author(s): Musacchio, Aldo; Khanna, Tarun; Bernhardson, Jenna Publication Date: 01/04/2010 Product Type: Note Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710049 Geographic Setting: China Event Year Start: 2009 Subjects: Pricing; Business & government; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: This note discusses the structure and functioning of the market for iron ore. This market has traditionally functioned using a benchmark pricing mechanism, in which large steel mills in Japan (now in China) negotiate the benchmark price with the largest of the big three iron ore producers (Vale do Rio Doce). Yet this market is changing rapidly, with the rise of China as the main consumer of iron ore the rules seem to be changing. The note examines the increasing importance of the spot market for iron ore and the advantages and disadvantages of abandoning the benchmark price system for both consumers and miners.    GUIDES: Insight through Indicators   Add   View  33 pp.  Case Author(s): Weinzierl, Matthew C.; Cullen, Ann; Schlefer, Jonathan Publication Date: 01/21/2010 Revision Date: 07/12/2010 Product Type: Note Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710044 Subjects: Exchange rates; Macroeconomics Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: GUIDES is an easily remembered framework that can help the business leader and student to confidently and quickly identify, organize, and interpret a country's key economic indicators. Alternatively, it can help them to evaluate third-party analyses and to compare such analyses across countries. In either case, this framework provides a structured way to complete and communicate analysis of a country's economic data.    China: The Political System   Add   View  26 pp.  Case Author(s): Abrami, Regina Publication Date: 11/15/2007 Revision Date: 07/02/2010 Product Type: Note Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 308063 Geographic Setting: China Subjects: Global business; Developing countries; Economic development; Business & government Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Offers a detailed overview of the structure and operation of the Chinese political system today. Key issues that are discussed include: 1) the relationship between the Communist Party of China and the state; 2) the relationship between central and local levels of government; 3) the Chinese electoral system; and 4) current pressures for change. Also includes a number of useful exhibits on Communist Party membership, political structure, and the administrative system. Can be assigned alone as an introductory piece to a course on the Chinese business environment or used along with any individual case.    Balance of Payments: Accounting and Presentation   Add   View  7 pp.  Case Author(s): Yoffie, David B.; Austin, Jane K. Publication Date: 08/08/1983 Product Type: Note Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 384005 Subjects: Economic policy; Monetary policy; EC single market; International trade; Balance of payments Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (385241), 13p, by David B. Yoffie Product Description: Provides an overview of balance of payments accounting and analytical presentation of balance of payments data. Includes sample transactions to illustrate the application of the basic accounting principles and definitions of the standard balances.    A performance management readiness review framework for governmental service providers   Add   View  8 pp.  Case Author(s): de Waal, Andre; Kerklaan, Leo Publication Date: 07/15/2010 Product Type: Case Publisher: Business Horizons HBS Number: BH397 Subjects: Outsourcing; Government Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Governments are increasingly outsourcing their services to external service providers. A precondition for successful outsourcing is that service providers can be managed at arm's length by the government, via means of performance management. One way of testing whether or not this is the case, is to conduct a performance management readiness review (PMRR). In this article, we will describe a framework that we developed at the request of the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works, and Water Management, to establish whether or not two of its service providers-Dutch Railways and ProRail-were ready to be managed at arm's length. The framework's application will be illustrated by a description of a successful review at the two service providers. The results of this test give us confidence that the performance management readiness review framework can be used for efficiently evaluating governmental service providers.    Arbitration Between Foreign Investors and Host Governments   Add   View  7 pp.  Case Author(s): Wells, Louis T. Jr.; Garcia-Cueller, Regina Publication Date: 03/15/2005 Revision Date: 06/29/2005 Product Type: Background Note HBS Number: 705035 Subjects: Alternative dispute resolution; Community development; Emerging markets; Foreign direct investment; Lobbying Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Explains the emergence of international arbitration as an option for foreign investors with disputes with governments of emerging markets. Presents issues about whether arbitration will remain acceptable to countries and governments. Learning objective: To look into issues surrounding investment disputes.    Filling the Empty Quarter: Saudi Aramco and the World Oil Market   Add   View  31 pp.  Case Author(s): Maurer, Noel Publication Date: 02/26/2008 Revision Date: 06/15/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 708048 Subjects: Political risk; Energy; Security Academic Discipline: Business & government    Enel: Power, Russia, and Global Markets   Add   View  35 pp.  Case Author(s): Abdelal, Rawi; Vietor, Richard H.K.; Tarontsi, Sogomon Publication Date: 05/22/2009 Revision Date: 08/04/2010 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 709046 Geographic Setting: Russia Number of Employees: 75981 Gross Revenue: 61 billion Euros Event Year Start: 2000 Event Year End: 2009 Subjects: Privatization; Foreign investment; Globalization; Business government relations; Deregulation; Strategic alliances; Growth strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Although the global trend toward liberalization of electric utilities forced Enel, the largest power company in Italy, to give up some of its assets in its home base, it also opened up many opportunities abroad, including in Russia, one of the largest electricity markets in the world. The case outlines Enel's internationalization strategy and then focuses on one piece of the company's strategic puzzle of global expansion: acquisition of major power-generation assets in the course of the break-up of RAO UES, the Russian electricity monopoly. The case highlights the decision-making process by the company executives in the context of possible political risks to foreign investment in Russian strategic industries and economic risks to investment in the yet-to-be-formed liberalized and deregulated electricity market in Russia.    Central Europe after the Crash: Between Europe and the Euro   Add   View  19 pp.  Case Author(s): Comin, Diego; Roscini, Dante; Farri, Elisa Publication Date: 04/02/2010 Product Type: Note Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710047 Geographic Setting: Europe; Czech Republic; Hungary; Poland; Slovakia Event Year Start: 2009 Subjects: Financial crisis Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: This note briefly reviews the financial crisis in central Europe in late 2008, and summarizes how four central European countries-Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia-have coped with the economic downturn.    Special Economic Zones in India: Public Purpose and Private Property (A)   Add   View  25 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Iyer, Lakshmi Publication Date: 12/17/2008 Revision Date: 03/26/2009 Product Type: Case HBS Number: 709027 Geographic Setting: India Event Year Start: 2008 Subjects: Foreign direct investment; Manufacturing Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: In 2005, the government of India enacted the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) Act in order to attract investment, generate export revenues and create manufacturing jobs. However, several planned projects faced difficulties in acquiring land for setting up the SEZ. In December 2007, the government introduced a new piece of legislation, which proposed to extend the power of eminent domain to allow the government to acquire land for SEZs. Was this the right response to the land acquisition problems of private firms? Was the SEZ strategy the right one for India's economic growth?    Dubai in Crisis   Add   View  16 pp.  Case Author(s): Maurer, Noel Publication Date: 03/10/2010 Revision Date: 06/04/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710061 Geographic Setting: United Arab Emirates Event Year Start: 1967 Event Year End: 2010 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: On November 25th, 2009, the small city-state of Dubai shook financial markets across the planet when the Dubai World holding companies announced that it would ask its creditors to standstill its debts. After three decades of phenomenal growth, something had gone off the rails with Dubai's development model. What caused the trouble? Was it simply a temporary setback or a sign that the city-state's needed to change its business model? Could Dubai maintain its independence from Abu Dhabi in the wake of the bailout? And if the emirate's current model was not sustainable, then how exactly should it change? This case explores all these issues, in light of the Great Recession, the geopolitical context, and Dubai's history.    Colombia: Strong Fundamentals, Global Risk   Add   View  22 pp.  Case Author(s): Musacchio, Aldo; Vietor, Richard H.K.; Schlefer, Jonathan; Camacho, Carolina Publication Date: 01/21/2010 Revision Date: 08/18/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710012 Geographic Setting: Colombia Event Year Start: 2009 Subjects: Macroeconomics; Business & government Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: By mid-2009 Colombian President Alvaro Uribe had ended decades of virtual civil war and strengthened the business climate, but he faced tough economic challenges. Though he had instituted prominent market reforms and brought inflation down sharply, Colombia seemed stuck in a middle ground, industrially behind Brazil or Chile but ahead of poorer Latin American countries. Traditional exports — coal, coffee, oil — still comprised more than half the total, while manufactured exports comprised only a fifth. Public investment in transport and other infrastructure — a perpetual obstacle to growth in mountainous Colombia — remained too low. A major ambition of Uribe or his possible like-minded successor was to secure U.S. Congressional approval of a free trade agreement signed in 2006. But would it really help Colombia diversify its economy? Colombia already had access to the U.S. market but still had a relatively closed economy compared with neighbors such as Mexico or Chile.    Siemens Medical Solutions: Strategic Turnaround   Add   View  18 pp.  Case Author(s): Mills, D. Quinn; Kurz, Julian Publication Date: 06/24/2003 Revision Date: 11/10/2003 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 703494 Gross Revenue: 7.2 billion eurodollars revenues Event Year Start: 1997 Event Year End: 2001 Subjects: International business; Innovation; Change management; Employee development; Product development; Sales strategy; Expansion; Business processes; Manufacturing Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Describes how Siemens Medical Solutions (MED) accomplished a remarkable turnaround from a money-losing operation to one of Siemens' most profitable divisions. By late 1996, a challenging market environment in the health care industry as well as inefficiencies in the company's manufacturing, logistics, and sales/service processes had a negative impact on MED's profitability. Reacting to these challenges, CEO Reinhardt defined and implemented a comprehensive turnaround program centered around people, processes, and products. The case highlights the most important aspects of the company's turnaround and later expansion and provides an outlook for the company's future challenges and opportunities.    Danatbank   Add   View  30 pp.  Case Author(s): Moss, David A.; Bolton, Cole; Novo, Andrew Publication Date: 03/12/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710059 Geographic Setting: Germany Event Year Start: 1931 Subjects: Politics; Risk management; Financial crisis Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: In the summer of 1931, Germany was struggling with a deepening economic crisis. Production had fallen, unemployment was high, and bank deposits and gold were being withdrawn from the country at a rapid pace, threatening the value of the German mark. The country's third largest bank, the Danatbank, was especially hard hit by the flagging economy and the flight of capital. By July, the Danatbank was on the verge of collapse, and the bank's charismatic and controversial senior partner, Jakob Goldschmidt, appealed personally to the government, the central bank, and his private banking rivals for a lifeline.    Consumer Lending in Japan: Citi CFJ (B)   Add   View  8 pp.  Case Author(s): Trumbull, Gunnar; Kanno, Akiko Publication Date: 09/10/2009 Product Type: Supplement (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710018 Geographic Setting: Japan Event Year Start: 2008 Subjects: Finance; Consumer credit Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: As the regulatory environment for consumer lending evolves, CFJ has to decide how to respond.    World to Mexico — Get a Grip!   Add   View  22 pp.  Case Author(s): Pill, Huw; Sprague, Courtenay Publication Date: 03/19/1996 Revision Date: 08/15/1997 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 796123 Geographic Setting: Mexico Event Year Start: 1988 Event Year End: 1995 Subjects: Currency; Economic development Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: The views of three prominent international economists on the events leading to, and ensuing from, the Mexican peso crisis of December 1994 to March 1995.    Rwandan Tea Industry: Looking into the Future   Add   View  17 pp.  Case Author(s): Reavis, Cate; Spar, Debora L. Publication Date: 01/16/2004 Revision Date: 11/10/2004 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 704007 Event Year Start: 2003 Event Year End: 2003 Subjects: Developing countries; Privatization; Business government relations; Economic development; International business Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: In 2003, the Rwandan government was focused on transforming the nation's tea industry into a world-class competitor. To accomplish this objective and stave off the downward prices that plagued the international tea market, the government believed that the industry needed to develop a diversified and value-added product portfolio. This would entail large investments in improving quality and productivity, as well as a new and more competitive price scheme for farmers. Part of the government's strategy for the tea industry involved wide-scale privatization to infuse the industry with capital, competition, and management expertise. But it remained uncertain whether the government could achieve its own objectives while ceding control to private, probably foreign, owners. Could Rwandan tea find its way in a complicated and highly competitive international market?    Russia: Revolution and Reform   Add   View  45 pp.  Case Author(s): Abdelal, Rawi; Tarontsi, Sogomon Publication Date: 03/09/2010 Revision Date: 08/04/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710030 Geographic Setting: Russia Event Year Start: 1991 Event Year End: 2010 Subjects: Globalization; Business government relations; Business & government Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: The collapse of central authority in the Soviet Union in 1991 ushered in a period of revolutionary transformations for the states that emerged in its wake. The leaders of Russia, the USSR's successor, since then have struggled to reestablish central authority while also seeking to avoid further disintegration, establish a democratic polity, and institute a market economy. The case contrasts different approaches adopted by Presidents Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin and concludes with a vision outlined by Russia's third post-Soviet president, Dmitry Medvedev. The case focuses on problems of state authority; fiscal capacity; institutionalization of political parties; relations between the federal center and provincial governments; relations between the state and big business; economic policy; and models of economic development.    Afghanistan 2006: Building a Brand New State   Add   View  25 pp.  Case Author(s): Maurer, Noel ; Spar, Debora L.; Trumbull, Gunnar Publication Date: 01/04/2007 Revision Date: 02/03/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 707033 Geographic Setting: Afghanistan Event Year Start: 2006 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Business history; Developing countries; Economic development; Government policy; Politics Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: In 2006, Afghanistan remains a country in turmoil. It has a newly elected democratic government, a rebounding economy, and considerable economic potential. But the country is still torn by rival factions and dominated by the opium trade. Explores how Afghanistan has been rebuilt since the U.S. invasion of 2001, and what it means to create a modern state. Can state institutions be imposed from the outside? And what are the prospects for democracy in such a perilous place?    Trade Restrictions and Hong Kong’s Textiles and Clothing Industry   Add   View  22 pp.  Case Author(s): Wong, Ka-Fu; Wong, Richard; Lee, Andrew Publication Date: 01/31/2005 Product Type: Case Publisher: University of Hong Kong HBS Number: HKU383 Geographic Setting: Hong Kong Industry Setting: Apparel Event Year Start: 2004 Event Year End: 2004 Subjects: ASEAN; Exports; Free trade; Globalization; Imports; NAFTA; Trade Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Since 1974, the Multifibre Arrangement (MFA) had been the systematic means for developed countries to restrict textiles and clothing imports from developing countries, which did not conform to the GATT/WTO rules. In 1994, however, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing was signed, prescribing a 10-year progressive phase-out of the MFA and integration of GATT 1994 rules. By late 2004, the complete phase-out of the MFA on January 1, 2005 had rekindled the debate between protectionists and free-trade advocates. Meanwhile, firms in Hong Kong, one of the world's major textiles and clothing exporting nations, were gearing up for the change.    The Future of Iraq Project (A)   Add   View  31 pp.  Case Author(s): Maurer, Noel ; Tarontsi, Sogomon Publication Date: 09/21/2009 Revision Date: 12/02/2009 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 710002 Event Year Start: 2003 Event Year End: 2009 Subjects: Foreign investment Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement, (710016), 4p, by Noel Maurer, Sogomon Tarontsi Product Description: In March 2009, the government of Iraq decided to hold its first oil field auctions. The auctions were for service contracts on the country's southern oil fields; the winner would obtain the right to produce oil above a certain target for a fixed fee. The bidders competed on the fee charged per barrel and the amount by which they promised to increase production. At the same time, the Kurdish regional government continued to sign Production Sharing Agreements with foreign companies for its oil fields, unrecognized by the national government. In a context of continuing (if much reduced) political violence and legislative deadlock in the national parliament, three actors needed to make key decisions. Jean Claude Gandur, the CEO of Addax Petroleum, needed to decide whether to continue investing in the Kurdish region in light of Baghdad's continuing opposition. The Iraqi oil minister, Hussein al-Shahristani, needed to design the oil auctions in such a way that oil companies would be moved to invest, and invest quickly, despite the lack of a national oil law. Finally, the American secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, needed to decide what Iraqi oil policy would be in the best interest of the United States, and what levers (if any) the U.S. government could pull in order to insure that such a policy would be carried out. What would the three actors decide, and how would their decisions affect the future of Iraq and the world oil market?    Protecting Foreign Investors   Add   View  10 pp.  Case Author(s): Wells, Louis T., Jr. Publication Date: 03/30/2006 Product Type: Note Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 706044 Subjects: Alternative dispute resolution; Emerging markets; Foreign investment; Business government relations; Economic development; International business; Risk management Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Describes the emergence of several kinds of efforts to assure the safety of foreign investment in emerging markets: international arbitration, expanded official political risk insurance, credit from government agencies, and intervention by investors' home governments. Points out the roles of bilateral investment treaties and regional economic agreements in making arbitration accessible to an increasing number of foreign investors. Views the various arrangements as substitutes for a global agreement on foreign direct investment that would parallel the WTO for trade given that attempts to negotiate a comprehensive arrangement have so far failed. Also, presents several criticisms of the current system.    IFRS in China   Add   View  16 pp.  Case Author(s): Ramanna, Karthik; Donovan, G.A.; Dai, Nancy Hua Publication Date: 11/09/2009 Revision Date: 08/23/2010 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 110037 Geographic Setting: China Number of Employees: N/A Gross Revenue: N/A Event Year Start: 2009 Subjects: Accounting; Financial statements; Accounting standards; International Financial Reporting Standards; Auditing; Globalization; Business & government Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (110039), 7p, by Karthik Ramanna Product Description: In 2005, China announced plans to “converge with,” but not completely adopt, IFRS. China also began to lobby for changes to specific IFRS provisions, such as for related party disclosures by state-owned firms, to bring them more into line with Chinese interests. China's accounting system had already undergone significant reforms during the two decades when its economy had grown to become the fourth largest in the world. However, enforcement of accounting standards remained weak, the financial system was relatively immature, and large state-owned firms still dominated many sectors of the economy.   Add     7 pp.  Teaching Note HBS Number: 110039 Product Description: For use with 110037    BitTorrent   Add   View  29 pp.  Case Author(s): Bagley, Constance E.; Bagley, Constance E.; Reed, Martin Publication Date: 04/05/2006 Revision Date: 08/14/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 806169 Geographic Setting: United States Number of Employees: 15 Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Intellectual capital; Legal aspects of business; Litigation; Risk management; Business models; Internet; Applications; Copyright Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (808023), 18p, by Constance E. Bagley, Reed Martin Product Description: Involves the copyright issues associated with Bram Cohen's revolutionary software program BitTorrent, which makes it possible to transfer very large files, such as movies, at a high speed over the Internet. The program, which is available for free over the Internet, is used for peer-to-peer sharing of movies and music and for the legitimate distribution of licensed software, including games. Also discusses the litigation against Napster and Grokster over peer-to-peer sharing, as well as cases against Google in connection with its efforts to digitize entire libraries to facilitate electronic searches.    Barber of Buenos Aires: Argentina’s Debt Renegotiation   Add   View  24 pp.  Case Author(s): Maurer, Noel ; Musacchio, Aldo Publication Date: 04/24/2006 Revision Date: 12/04/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 706034 Geographic Setting: Argentina Event Year Start: 2001 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Negotiations; Capital markets; Bonds; Bankruptcy; International finance; Developing countries; Macroeconomics; Foreign investment; Government policy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (706062), 18p, by Noel Maurer, Aldo Musacchio Product Description: Tells the story of Argentina's aggressive strategy for renegotiating its sovereign debt from 2003 to 2005. Most creditors accepted the offer to swap their debt for new securities worth 35 cents on the dollar, with no recognition of all past-due interest. Many holdouts, however, remain outside the deal. Some experts believe that Argentina's stance will have negative consequences for the country's private sector and gives a worrisome signal about public policies; others maintain that circumstances beyond the government's control had placed the country in an unsustainable situation, and the successful renegotiation opens up new opportunities. The case presents the story of Argentina's debt saga from the point of view of the country's creditors (foreign and domestic), its government, and private Argentine companies that had to do business in the post-renegotiation environment. Also, discusses the larger issue of how the international financial community should handle sovereign debt workouts.    2001 Crisis in Argentina: An IMF-Sponsored Default? (A)   Add   View  20 pp.  Case Author(s): Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 10/27/2003 Revision Date: 01/14/2004 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 9-704-004 Geographic Setting: Argentina Event Year Start: 1999 Event Year End: 2001 Subjects: Development banks; Economic conditions; International banking; Macroeconomics; Politics; South America Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement (Library), (9-704-021), 11p, by Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel; Teaching Note, (5-704-020), 26p, by Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: At the end of 2001, Argentina's economy and society both appeared on the verge of collapse. Furious about controls imposed on the convertibility of their bank deposits into cash (the “corralito”) and huge proposed government spending cuts amidst high unemployment and deteriorating social services, Argentines from all economic backgrounds took to the streets in protest. In violent rioting, stores were looted, buildings burned, and more than 22 people died. The entire government was forced to resign. A succession of increasingly ineffectual presidents shuffled through the presidential palace, each seemingly more powerless to confront the crisis than the last. Meanwhile, the country's economic situation continued to deteriorate, and Argentina soon defaulted on its $141 billion in foreign debt outstanding in the largest sovereign default in history. On January 2, 2002, Eduardo Duhalde was selected interim president by Argentina's Congress — and would serve as Argentina's fifth president in two weeks. At the helm of Argentina's flailing economy, he had a number of important decisions to make. Among these were what to do with Argentina's decade-long peg to the dollar under the Convertibility Plan. Teaching Purpose: (a) To study theories of banking, financial, and exchange rate crises, in p    2001 Crisis in Argentina: An IMF-Sponsored Default? (B)   Add   View  11 pp.  Case Author(s): Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 10/27/2003 Revision Date: 01/07/2004 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Supplements the (A) case. Must be used with: (9-704-004) The 2001 Crisis in Argentina: An IMF-Sponsored Default? (A). HBS Number: 9-704-021 Subjects: Development banks; Economic conditions; International banking; Macroeconomics; Politics; South America Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-704-020), 26p, by Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel    A Cost for Cleaner Air: Hong Kong’s LPG Vehicle Scheme, Teaching Note   Add     7 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Wong, Ka-fu; Chan, Chester; Stimson, Mark Publication Date: 08/28/2006 Product Type: Teaching Note Publisher: University of Hong Kong HBS Number: HKU587 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (HKU586) A Cost for Cleaner Air: Hong Kong's LPG Vehicle Scheme.    A Rogue Trader at Daiwa Bank (A): Management Responsibility Under Different Jurisprudential Systems, Practices and Cultu   Add   View  15 pp.  Case Author(s): Misawa, Mitsuru Publication Date: 11/21/2005 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong HBS Number: HKU442 Geographic Setting: Japan Industry Setting: Banking Event Year Start: 1995 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Accountability; Business & government; Business & society; Compliance; Control systems; Crisis management; Culture; International finance; International relations; Legal aspects of business; Liability; Regulations; Risk management; Work force management Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: In 1995, Sumio Abekawa, Daiwa Bank's president, received a letter on July 18 from Toshihide Iguchi, vice-president of the bank's New York branch. In that letter, Iguchi confessed that over the course of 11 years, he lost nearly $1.1 billion (approximately 123 billion yen) through the unauthorized trading of United States Treasury Bonds and had sold securities the bank had in custody to cover losses. Two months later, Daiwa's senior management reported the loss to the Federal Reserve Board of New York (FRB) and the New York State Banking Department. The bank directors faced several questions: Had the bank taken the appropriate steps to comply with U.S. reporting requirements? What was the potential liability of the directors? Would the Japanese bank directors be held liable for violating the law of a foreign country? How could the Japanese Ministry of Finance help? Learning Objective: To understand the importance of complying with regulations in the context of a major foreign bank operating in the United States. Also, to appreciate the impact of Japanese and American cultural differences on attitudes toward proper international business practices.    Accounting for Productivity Growth   Add   View  12 pp.  Case Author(s): Reinhardt, Forest Publication Date: 10/13/1993 Revision Date: 09/14/1994 Product Type: Note Product Description: Introduces students to the arithmetic of the accounting for national productivity growth. It defines labor productivity, capital productivity, and total factor productivity, describes the relationships among them, and discusses the phenomena that cause them to change over time. Exhibits include data for the United States and other industrial countries, which both show the relationships among the various measures and allow comparison across time and space. The end of the note discusses the 1992 controversy over productivity growth in Singapore. Productivity is an important phenomenon, widely discussed in the newspapers, but rarely even defined. Business students, especially those engaged in country analysis, need to understand the various ways in which it is measured and why those various quantities have changed over time in different nations. Intended for an introductory MBA course. May be used with: (9-793-096) Singapore; (9-703-040) Singapore, Inc. HBS Number: 9-794-051 Subjects: Country analysis; Economic development; International business; Macroeconomics; Productivity; Southeast Asia Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-795-038), 13p, by Forest Reinhardt   Add     13 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-794-051 HBS Number: 5-795-038 Subjects: Country analysis; Economic development; International business; Macroeconomics; Productivity; Southeast Asia    AES in Nigeria   Add   View  22 pp.  Case Author(s): McMillan, John; Dosunmu, Ade Publication Date: 02/15/2002 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Stanford University Product Description: The U.S. energy company AES is in the process of entering the Nigerian market through acquisition of a controlling equity interest in a 270-megawatt power generator project. AES has a unique mode of organization and operation that emphasizes integrity, empowerment, and social responsibility. The Nigerian environment is very different in many dimensions (high levels of corruption, low infrastructure availability, different work ethic, and highly charged politics) from the origins of AES in North America. How does AES juggle its core values and company culture in entering this new environment? How can AES be successful in this environment and remain committed to its core values? HBS Number: IB29 Geographic Setting: Lagos, Nigeria Industry Setting: electric power Event Year Start: 2000 Event Year End: 2001 Subjects: Africa; Electric power; Human resources management; International business; Market entry; Strategic planning; Strategy implementation Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (IB29T), 5p, by John McMillan, Ade Dosunmu   Add     5 pp.  Teaching Note For use with IB29 HBS Number: IB29T Subjects: Africa; Electric power; Human resources management; International business; Market entry; Strategic planning; Strategy implementation    Agricultural Biotechnology and Its Regulation   Add   View  31 pp.  Case Author(s): Reinhardt, Forest Publication Date: 07/10/2000 Revision Date: 04/30/2001 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: In the United States, genetically modified corn and soybeans are now widely grown and consumed; but in Europe, they have been dubbed ``Frankenstein foods,'' shunned by packaged food manufacturers, and subjected to a host of governmental restrictions. This case provides information on the economics and politics of agricultural biotechnology. It emphasizes the divergent attitudes in the United States and Europe about how the technology ought to be regulated, and highlights the resultant strategic dilemmas for companies in the business, including DuPont, Monsanto, and Novartis. Readers can analyze the technology and its regulators both from a normative public policy standpoint (i.e., asking what sorts of regulatory institutions would enhance social well-being) and from the point of view of positive political economy (i.e., asking how the regulatory system is likely to evolve given the current institutional setup and the interests of the various public and private players). Raises questions of how firms can develop strategy under conditions of extreme regulatory risk. Teaching Purpose: Evaluates the tension between liberal trade rules on one hand, and product safety and environmental quality on the other; and examines implications for company strategy. HBS Number: 9-701-004 Industry Setting: agricultural biotechnology Event Year Start: 1998Event Year End: 2000 Subjects: Agribusiness; Agriculture; Biotechnology; Environmental protection; Europe; Food; Genetic engineering; International business; International trade Academic Discipline: Business & government    Aguas Argentinas: Settling a Dispute   Add   View  25 pp.  Case Author(s): Wells, Louis T.; de Royere, Alexandra Publication Date: 03/30/2005 Revision Date: 08/06/2007 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 9-705-019 Geographic Setting: Argentina Gross Revenues: $200 million revenues Event Year Start: 1993 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Alternative dispute resolution; Business government relations; Economic development; Emerging markets; Foreign investment; International business Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: The French-owned Aguas Argentinas faces a demand from the Argentine government that it renegotiate its concession to operate the Buenos Aires water and sewage services. The company must decide whether to continue with efforts to settle on a new contract or to exercise its rights to go to international arbitration. Either way, it must decide on its strategy going forward. May be used with: (9-705-035) Arbitration Between Foreign Investors and Host Governments; (9-706-044) Protecting Foreign Investors.    Aid, Debt Relief, and Trade: An Agenda for Fighting World Poverty (A)   Add   View  29 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Werker, Eric; Kim, Renee Publication Date: 04/13/2007 Revision Date: 07/17/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-707-029 Geographic Setting: Africa Event Year Start: 1944 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Debt management; Developing countries; Economic conditions; International trade; Macroeconomics; Nonprofits Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement (Field), (9-707-040), 4p, by Laura Alfaro, Eric Werker, Renee Kim; Teaching Note, (5-707-049), 14p, by Laura Alfaro, Eric Werker, Renee Kim Product Description: At the 2005 Group of Eight summit, world leaders agreed to relieve the world's poorest countries' debt burden and double aid to Africa by 2010. The announcement raised questions whether debt relief would really help the poor. By examining past aid trends and policies of multilateral institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, this case also questions whether aid can allow poor countries to break their vicious cycle of poverty, and/or how aid can be used effectively.    Aid, Debt Relief, and Trade: An Agenda for Fighting World Poverty (A) and (B), Teaching Note   Add     14 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Werker, Eric; Kim, Renee Publication Date: 06/01/2007 Revision Date: 09/06/2007 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 5-707-049 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (9-707-029) Aid, Debt Relief, and Trade: An Agenda for Fighting World Poverty (A); (9-707-040) Aid, Debt Relief, and Trade: An Agenda for Fighting World Poverty (B).    Aid, Debt Relief, and Trade: An Agenda for Fighting World Poverty (B)   Add   View  4 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Werker, Eric; Kim, Renee Publication Date: 04/13/2007 Revision Date: 07/16/2007 Product Type: Supplement (Field) HBS Number: 9-707-040 Subjects: Debt management; Developing countries; Economic conditions; International trade; Macroeconomics; Nonprofits Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-707-049), 14p, by Laura Alfaro, Eric Werker, Renee Kim Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (9-707-029) Aid, Debt Relief, and Trade: An Agenda for Fighting World Poverty (A).    AIDS in Brazil   Add   View  4 pp.  Case Author(s): Deshpande, Rohit; Reisen de Pinho, Ricardo Publication Date: 02/23/2006 Revision Date: 04/12/2007 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 9-506-062 Geographic Setting: Brazil Industry Setting: Pharmaceutical industry Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: AIDS; Business & government; Licensing; Negotiations; Pricing Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Abbott Labs has reached an impasse with the Brazilian government in negotiations over the pricing of a new anti-AIDS drug, Kaletra. The Brazilian government threatens compulsory licensing unless Abbott drastically reduces the price of Kaletra. May be used with: (9-503-085) Cipla; (5-307-021) Cipla, Teaching Note; (9-507-705) Patents and Patients, Cipla, Video (DVD); (9-507-706) Patents and Patients, Cipla, Video (VHS).    AIDS in Brazil   Add   View  4 pp.  Case Author(s): Deshpande, Rohit; Reisen de Pinho, Ricardo Publication Date: 02/23/2006 Revision Date: 02/04/2009 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 506062 Geographic Setting: Brazil Industry Setting: Pharmaceutical industry Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: AIDS; Business & government; Licensing; Negotiations; Pricing Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Abbott Labs has reached an impasse with the Brazilian government in negotiations over the pricing of a new anti-AIDS drug, Kaletra. The Brazilian government threatens compulsory licensing unless Abbott drastically reduces the price of Kaletra. May be used with: (503085) Cipla; (307021) Cipla, Teaching Note; (507705) Patents and Patients, Cipla, Video (DVD); (507706) Patents and Patients, Cipla, Video (VHS); (1-278-9) Patents and Patients, Cipla, Video (Streaming).    Airbus vs. Boeing (C): Steps Toward Dispute Resolution   Add   View  1 pp.  Case Author(s): Salter, Malcolm S.; Coleman, Wendy Publication Date: 05/25/1988 Revision Date: 11/15/1990 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Presents partial resolution of problem. Cites points still to be resolved in trade dispute between U.S. aircraft manufacturers and Airbus Industrie. To be used as a handout after discussion of the case. Must be used with: (9-388-145) Airbus vs. Boeing (B): The Storm Intensifies. HBS Number: 9-388-146 Industry Setting: Aircraft industry Subjects: Aircraft; Business government relations; Competition; Government policy; International trade Academic Discipline: Business & government    Airport Privatisation   Add   View  18 pp.  Case Author(s): Enright, Michael J.; Ng, Flash Publication Date: 08/15/2001 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong Product Description: With growth of global air traffic expected to continue into the 21st century, governments around the world are showing increased interest in the option of privatizing airport operations. This case examines challenges and opportunities for governments, airlines, the traveling public, as well as private sector airport investors and operators. Will airport privatization lead to improved services and prices, or might there be long-term repercussions? Presents the options for airport ownership and operation and examines the arguments in favor and against privatization. Provides privatization experiences from around the world for added perspective. HBS Number: HKU149 Geographic Setting: GlobalIndustry Setting: airport operators Subjects: Airline industry; Privatization Academic Discipline: Business & government    Airport Privatisation in Australia   Add   View  26 pp.  Case Author(s): Enright, Michael J.; Ng, Flash Publication Date: 08/15/2001 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong Product Description: In March 2001, the Australian Transport Department announced the government's intention to privatize Sydney's Kingsford Smith Airport. This was seen as the culmination of a long-standing program to relinquish the federal government's ownership and operation of 23 airports in Australia in search of higher efficiency and better administration from the private sector. This case traces this shift in policy and tracks the course of privatization throughout the country. Examines the role played by managing consortiums as well as measures established for the regulation of privatized airports and a closer monitoring of airport performance. HBS Number: HKU150 Geographic Setting: AustraliaIndustry Setting: airports Event Year Start: 2001Event Year End: 2001 Subjects: Airline industry; Australia; Privatization Academic Discipline: Business & government    Alan Greenspan   Add   View  15 pp.  Case Author(s): Pill, Huw; Morhaim, Allison Publication Date: 06/19/2002 Revision Date: 09/30/2002 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Describes the life and times of Alan Greenspan. HBS Number: 9-702-072 Industry Setting: Banking industry Event Year Start: 1926 Event Year End: 2002 Subjects: Banks; Economic policy; Macroeconomics; Monetary policy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-704-031), 11p, by Huw Pill   Add     13 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Pill, Huw Publication Date: 12/17/2003 Product Type: Teaching Note Product Description: Teaching Note to (702-072). Must be used with: (9-702-072) Alan Greenspan. HBS Number: 5-704-031 >Academic Discipline: Business & government    Alleviating Poverty and Malnutrition   Add   View  10 pp.  Case Author(s): Goldberg, Ray; Herman, Kerry Publication Date: 03/29/2007 Revision Date: 10/02/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-907-409 Geographic Setting: Global; Washington Industry Setting: Agribusiness Event Year Start: 2007 Event Year End: 2007 Subjects: Agribusiness; Agricultural cooperatives; Developing countries; Economic development; Social responsibility Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Deals with approaches to alleviating poverty and how firms, governments, and NGOs are able to work together to accomplish these goals. May be used with: (9-907-412) Alleviating Poverty and Malnutrition: Successful Models.    Alleviating Poverty and Malnutrition: Successful Models   Add   View  13 pp.  Case Author(s): Goldberg, Ray A.; Herman, Kerry; Winig, Laura Publication Date: 03/29/2007 Revision Date: 12/17/2007 Product Type: Note HBS Number: 9-907-412 Industry Setting: Agribusiness; Agricultural cooperative Subjects: Developing countries; Economic development; Social responsibility Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Provides successful models of private-public sector cooperatives in alleviating poverty and malnutrition. May be used with: (9-907-409) Alleviating Poverty and Malnutrition.    Allianz AG: Becoming a European Company   Add   View  20 pp.  Case Author(s): Lorsch, Jay; Chernak, Alexis Publication Date: 10/03/2006 Revision Date: 01/16/2008 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-407-049 Industry Setting: Financial industry; Insurance industry Event Year Start: 2006 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Corporate governance; EU; Financial institutions; Mergers; Supervisory boards Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Focuses on the decision made by leadership at Allianz AG, the German insurance and financial services company, to complete a cross-border merger with the Italian insurance and financial services company, RAS. Allianz, however, could not complete the cross-border merger by remaining a German corporation under the current German statutes. Allianz, however, could conduct the cross-border merger as a European company according to the Statute of the European Community (Societas Europaea, or SE), which was recently passed by the European Union and adopted into German law. Examines the rationale for the decision made by the Allianz supervisory board and the board of management in addition to the process of becoming an SE, including the change in the composition of the supervisory board as a result of the merger and the conversion to an SE.    Allied Chemical Corp. (A), Supplement   Add   View  2 pp.  Case Author(s): Lodge, George C. Publication Date: 05/07/1991 Product Type: Supplement (Note) Product Description: Supplements the (A) case. Must be used with: (9-379-137) Allied Chemical Corp. (A), Spanish Version. HBS Number: 9-391-231 Industry Setting: Chemical industry Subjects: Corporate responsibility; Legislation; Political systems; Product safety Academic Discipline: Business & government    Allied Chemical Corp. (A), Teaching Note   Add     4 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Lodge, George C. Publication Date: 04/28/1989 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 5-389-194 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Teaching Note for (9-379-137). Must be used with: (9-379-137) Allied Chemical Corp. (A).

Allied Chemical Corp. (B) and (C), Teaching Note   Add     2 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Lodge, George C. Publication Date: 11/01/1979 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 5-380-172 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Teaching Note for (9-379-150) and (9-379-151). Must be used with: (9-379-150) Allied Chemical Corp. (B); (9-379-151) Allied Chemical Corp. (C).    Allied Chemical Corp. (C)   Add   View  1 pp.  Case Author(s): Lodge, George C.; Badaracco, Joseph L., Jr. Publication Date: 03/01/1979 Product Type: Supplement (Field) Product Description: Supplements the (B) case. Must be used with: (9-379-150) Allied Chemical Corp. (B). HBS Number: 9-379-151 Subjects: Business conditions; Chemicals; Political systems; Regulation Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-380-172), 2p, by George C. Lodge; Teaching Note, (5-382-025), 5p, by J. Ronald Fox    Allied Chemical Corp., Supplementary Financial Information   Add   View  1 pp.  Case Author(s): Badaracco, Joseph L., Jr. Publication Date: 07/12/1991 Product Type: Supplement (Note) Product Description: Supplements the (A) case. Must be used with: (9-379-137) Allied Chemical Corp. (A). HBS Number: 9-392-006 Subjects: Chemicals; Corporate responsibility; Legislation; Political systems; Product safety; Regulation Academic Discipline: Business & government    American System, The   Add   View  29 pp.  Case Author(s): Moss, David A.; Brennan, Sarah; Morris, Tiffany Publication Date: 02/02/2004 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Traces the economic development of the United States from 1790 to 1857, focusing especially on the struggle between free traders and protectionists over federal tariff policy. Devotes considerable attention to the nation’s political system, its evolving common law, basic factors of production (land, labor, and capital), and key sectors (agriculture, manufacturing, transportation, etc.). HBS Number: 9-704-036 Geographic Setting: United States Industry Setting: Government & regulatory Event Year Start: 1790 Event Year End: 1857 Subjects: Economic development; Economic growth; Economic models; Imports; Political systems; Taxation Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement (Spreadsheet), (9-704-703), 0p, by David A. Moss, Sarah Brennan, Tiffany Morris    Amul and India’s National Dairy Development Board   Add   View  29 pp.  Case Author(s): Goldberg, Ray A.; Knoop, Carin-Isabel; Sun Publication Date: 11/18/1998 Revision Date: 12/08/1998 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: Amul Dairy has been a successful change maker in India's dairy system. How does it move from this success to the new challenges facing the Indian food system--is it an appropriate model? Teaching Purpose: The role of cooperatives in providing leadership to small-scale producers in a global food system. HBS Number: 9-599-060 Geographic Setting: IndiaIndustry Setting: dairyNumber of Employees: 5,000Gross Revenues: $200 million revenues Event Year Start: 1998Event Year End: 1998 Subjects: Agribusiness; Agricultural cooperatives; Food; India Academic Discipline: Business & government    Anti-trust and Competitive Issues in B2B Trading Exchanges: Covisint, Inc.   Add   View  3 pp.  Case Author(s): Farhoomand, Ali F.; Ho, Mary Publication Date: 07/12/2002 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong HBS Number: HKU205 Geographic Setting: United States Event Year Start: 2000 Event Year End: 2000 Subjects: Antitrust laws; Automobile industry; Business to business; Electronic commerce; Liability; Supply chain Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (HKU206), 6p, by Ali F. Farhoomand, Mary Ho Product Description: In February 2000, DaimlerChrysler, Ford Motor Co., and General Motors Co. jointly announced plans to combine efforts and form a global online business-to-business (B2B) exchange. The goal of the exchange was to provide original equipment manufacturers and suppliers with the ability to reduce costs in their respective supply chains and bring efficiencies to their business operations. A few months after the announcement, Renault S.A., Nissan Japan, and several top-tier automotive parts suppliers voiced their support and planned to join the exchange. The founders coined the name “Covisint” for the exchange. In July 2000, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in Washington, DC launched an investigation into Covisint's structure and mission, to explore any possible antitrust implications. The FTC was aware that Covisint's founders represented a large share of the automotive market. Given the influence of the big players, the FTC feared that small companies could be excluded from the market and that the exchange could provide a channel for the improper transfer of sensitive information among the participants. Covisint was the first B2B venture to be reviewed by the FTC. The outcome of the case and the issues raised sparked widespread debate about how, or whether, the B2B industry should be regulated by antitrust provisions. The case also raised concerns from companies th   Add     6 pp.  Teaching Note For use with HKU205 HBS Number: HKU206 Subjects: Antitrust laws; Automobile industry; Business to business; Electronic commerce; Liability; Supply chain    Antitrust Movement: Perceptions and Reality in Coping with Big Business   Add   View  20 pp.  Case Author(s): McCraw, Thomas K. Publication Date: 06/20/1991 Revision Date: 04/14/1995 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: A vehicle for the discussion of early antitrust legislation in the United States from 1890 to 1914. HBS Number: 9-391-292 Geographic Setting: United States Subjects: Antitrust laws; Business government relations; Business history; Legislation Academic Discipline: Business & government    Antmobel (B): Entering France?   Add   View  3 pp.  Case Author(s): Enright, Michael J.; Ballarin, Eduard; Terre, Eugeni; Rodriguez, Maria Dolores Publication Date: 02/15/1995 Revision Date: 07/10/1995 Product Type: Supplement (Field) Product Description: Antmobel is presented with a plan to enter the French market. The company must weigh the costs and potential benefits of such a move in the context of its international strategy and the firm's capabilities. Must be used with: (9-795-100) Antmobel (A). HBS Number: 9-795-101 Geographic Setting: Europe Industry Setting: Furniture industry Subjects: Furniture; International business; Strategy formulation Academic Discipline: Business & government    Argentina: Data Supplement — 1990-2002   Add     9 pp.  Case Author(s): Pill, Huw; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 06/14/2002 Revision Date: 10/07/2002 Product Type: Note Product Description: Provides basic macroeconomic data for Argentina for the period 1990 through 2002. Covers the period from the adoption of Argentina's currency board to its ultimate demise and beyond. Teaching Purpose: To provide data to stimulate discussion of Argentina's crisis of 2001 to 2002. HBS Number: 9-702-094 Subjects: Macroeconomics; South America Academic Discipline: Business & government    Argentina’s Convertibility Plan   Add   View  19 pp.  Case Author(s): Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 12/12/2001 Revision Date: 02/05/2004 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Describes the political and economic development in Argentina from 1989 to 1995, with a focus on the role of the currency board. Culminates in Argentine policy makers (Menem in particular) contemplating how to respond to the tequila crisis in the middle of 1995. Focuses on the tradeoff between a fixed exchange rate to maintain price stability and the required high interest rates that impact financial stability. Teaching Purpose: Illustrates how the introduction of a currency board may lead to a tradeoff between monetary and financial stability. Rewritten version of an earlier case. May be used with: (9-702-001) The Argentine Paradox: Economic Growth and the Populist Tradition. HBS Number: 9-702-002 Geographic Setting: Argentina Event Year Start: 1989 Event Year End: 1995 Subjects: Currency; Macroeconomics; Politics; South America; Unemployment Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-703-039), 20p, by Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel   Add     20 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-702-002 HBS Number: 5-703-039 Subjects: Currency; Macroeconomics; Politics; South America; Unemployment    Argentina’s Financial System Fenced In   Add   View  23 pp.  Case Author(s): Pill, Huw; Abal, Romina; Onoforio, Claudia Publication Date: 06/25/2003 Revision Date: 01/28/2004 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Provides an opportunity to analyze the Argentine financial crisis of 2001/2002, which culminated in the abandonment of the convertibility plan introduced by Domingo Cavallo in 1991. The focus is on the role that the financial system played. Teaching Purpose: To demonstrate the role of property rights in an emerging market crisis. HBS Number: 9-703-069 Geographic Setting: Argentina Event Year Start: 2001Event Year End: 2002 Subjects: Chaos; Currency; Management of crises; South America Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-704-035), 26p, by Huw Pill   Add     26 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-703-069 HBS Number: 5-704-035 Subjects: Chaos; Currency; Management of crises; South America    Argentina’s Financial System: The Case of Banco de Galicia   Add   View  25 pp.  Case Author(s): Di Tella, Rafael; Khanna, Tarun; Pill, Huw Publication Date: 02/22/2002 Revision Date: 02/21/2003 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Describes the development of Argentina's financial system after the "Tequila Crisis" that came about as a result of the speculative attack on the Mexican peso's peg to the U.S. dollar in December 1994. Although Argentina's banking system was strengthened overall due to changes implemented to address the crisis, most of the country's domestic private banks were either taken over by foreign banks or failed. Focuses on how in the year 2000, in an effort to remain Argentine owned, the last remaining large domestic private bank adopts a share offer considered by some--particularly a vocal member of one of the bank's controlling families--to be unfair to minority shareholders. Teaching Purpose: Can be used in courses on international macroeconomics and international business to elaborate on the following themes: 1) the evolution of the financial systems in emerging markets when there is considerable macroeconomic volatility, and 2) the pros and cons of "borrowing" foreign institutions both for firms that want to support their domestic business strategies and for countries that have difficulty developing their own institutions. HBS Number: 9-702-033 Geographic Setting: ArgentinaIndustry Setting: banking Event Year Start: 2001Event Year End: 2001 Subjects: Banking; Emerging markets; Family owned businesses; International business; South America Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-702-080), 17p, by Rafael Di Tella, Tarun Khanna, Huw Pill, Ingrid Vogel   Add     17 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-702-033 HBS Number: 5-702-080 Subjects: Banking; Emerging markets; Family owned businesses; International business; South America    Argentina’s YPF Sociedad Anonima (B1)   Add   View  1 pp.  Case Author(s): Yoshino, Michael Y.; Knoop, Carin-Isabel Publication Date: 09/25/1995 Revision Date: 03/23/1998 Product Type: Supplement (Field) Product Description: Supplements the (B) case. Must be used with: (9-396-024) Argentina's YPF Sociedad Anonima (B). HBS Number: 9-396-025 Subjects: Corporate strategy; Global Research Group; Globalization; International business; Petroleum; Privatization; South America Academic Discipline: Business & government    Argentina’s YPF Sociedad Anonima (C)   Add   View  3 pp.  Case Author(s): Yoshino, Michael Y.; Knoop, Carin-Isabel Publication Date: 09/25/1995 Revision Date: 09/14/1998 Product Type: Supplement (Field) Product Description: Supplements the (B) case. Must be used with: (9-396-024) Argentina's YPF Sociedad Anonima (B). HBS Number: 9-396-026 Subjects: Corporate strategy; Global Research Group; International business; Petroleum; South America Academic Discipline: Business & government    Argentine Paradox: Economic Growth and the Populist Tradition   Add   View  24 pp.  Case Author(s): Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 12/12/2001 Revision Date: 03/09/2004 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Describes the political and economic development in Argentina from 1900 to 1989, with a focus on the role of Peron and populism. Teaching Purpose: To illustrate how political dynamics can affect the process of economic development. Rewritten version of an earlier case. May be used with: (9-702-002) Argentina's Convertibility Plan. HBS Number: 9-702-001 Geographic Setting: Argentina Event Year Start: 1900Event Year End: 1989 Subjects: Currency; Macroeconomics; Politics; South America; Unemployment Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-703-037), 21p, by Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel   Add     21 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-702-001 HBS Number: 5-703-037 Subjects: Currency; Macroeconomics; Politics; South America; Unemployment    Armstrong Investigation   Add   View  29 pp.  Case Author(s): Moss, David; Kintgen, Eugene Publication Date: 01/02/2008 Revision Date: 01/14/2009 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 708034 Geographic Setting: New York Industry Setting: Insurance industry Event Year Start: 1905 Event Year End: 1906 Subjects: Accountability; Consumerism; Fraud; Scandals Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: In the early 20th century, public outrage at certain life insurance practices led to an investigation in New York State that threatened to curtail growth in the industry. Charles Evans Hughes guided the four-month-long Armstrong Investigation, which made startling revelations and offered a number of controversial recommendations, several of which would forbid the most popular form of life insurance (tontine insurance), limit the growth of life insurers (which included several of the nation's largest financial institutions at the time), and prevent insurance firms from owning the stock of other companies. The New York State legislature approved all of the recommended measures, and sent the bill to the Governor for his signature. The life insurance industry objected, however, claiming that some of the new rules would reduce consumer choice and unnecessarily lower returns on company investments.    ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and the Malaysian National Car Project   Add   View  30 pp.  Case Author(s): Enright, Michael J.; Newton, James; Tran, Publication Date: 08/15/2001 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong Product Description: At the October 2000 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Economic Ministers meeting in Chiang Mai, Thailand, the Malaysian delegation proposed an extension to the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) tariff reduction scheme in an effort to protect Malaysia's auto industry. Given that the development of Proton and Perodua, the country's national cars, has received extensive government support, protection, and preferential treatment, there was concern whether Malaysia's cars would be competitive with other automakers in the region. Malaysia's request for the extension, however, has been a setback for AFTA, which had hoped that a strong push for further liberalization and Asian globalization would reenergize foreign direct investment in the region, following the devastating Asian financial crisis of 1997-99. Teaching Purpose: Designed for an MBA level course in International Business. Traces the development of ASEAN and AFTA and highlights the interaction among different member countries within a regional agreement framework. Focus on the auto sector provides a topic for discussion of international agreements, international trade, and negotiations among members in the context of these fora. HBS Number: HKU144 Geographic Setting: Southeast AsiaIndustry Setting: automotive Event Year Start: 2000Event Year End: 2000 Subjects: Automobile industry; Industrial policy; International trade; Southeast Asia Academic Discipline: Business & government    Asian Financial Crisis: Indonesia and the Currency Board Proposal   Add   View  25 pp.  Case Author(s): Enright, Michael J.; Newton, James; Massar Publication Date: 06/22/2000 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong Product Description: Indonesia was hit hard by the Asian economic crisis. By October 8, 1997, its currency, the rupiah, was down 60% from its pre-floatation value. The rupiah fell to a historic low of 16,500 against the dollar on January 23, 1998. Capital flight accelerated and social unrest was widespread. On February 4, Professor Steve Hanke proposed to President Suharto that a currency board system could stabilize the currency. While Suharto was highly receptive to the idea, the IMF was not. It threatened to withdraw all its support to Indonesia. It was up to Suharto to decide which way to go. Teaching Purpose: Allows students to explore the general issues surrounding the choice of a fixed or a floating exchange rate arrangement and the potential advantages of each arrangement, as well as considering the specific mechanism of a currency board, and to discuss the monetary, economic, and political conditions that resulted in the crisis in Indonesia. HBS Number: HKU093 Geographic Setting: Indonesia Event Year Start: 1997Event Year End: 1998 Subjects: Government policy; Monetary policy; Southeast Asia Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (HKU094), 13p, by Michael J. Enright, James Newton   Add     13 pp.  Teaching Note For use with HKU093 HBS Number: HKU094 Subjects: Government policy; Monetary policy; Southeast Asia    Assessing the Impact of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita   Add   View  11 pp.  Case Author(s): Li, Wei; Rodriguez, Peter Publication Date: 10/19/2005 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: UV0995 Geographic Setting: United States Subjects: Economic analysis; Government; Nonprofits Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: In the summer of 2005, while the U.S. economy was growing comfortably despite a few longstanding concerns over deficits and outsourcing, storms were brewing off the Gulf Coast. On August 25, 2005, Hurricane Katrina blasted New Orleans, Louisiana, and the surrounding coastal areas in the Gulf of Mexico. Barely a month later, a second storm, Hurricane Rita, swept through the Gulf region to make landfall between Sabine Pass, Texas, and Johnso's Bayou, Louisiana. Speculation over their likely impact on the world energy markets and the U.S. economy began as soon as the hurricanes were forecast to strike the oil-rich Gulf region. This case documents the paths of the storms and provides a summary of the Congressional Budget Office's estimates of the storms' impact on the U.S. economy. It is designed for use in the first year Global Economies and Markets course to teach the concept of national income accounts. It can also be used to analyze the impact of exogenous shocks.    At-Will Employment in the United States   Add   View  7 pp.  Case Author(s): Paine, Lynn Sharp; Bruner, Christopher M. Publication Date: 08/08/2005 Revision Date: 10/28/2005 Product Type: Note Product Description: Provides a brief overview of the employment-at-will doctrine, an important concept unique to the U.S. legal system and business landscape. Briefly surveys the history and development of this doctrine and certain limitations and exceptions to it, as well as some of the distinguishing features of the employment termination process in the United States relative to other countries. HBS Number: 9-306-036 Subjects: Employment; Labor law; Legal aspects of business; Terminations; Work force management Academic Discipline: Business & government    Australia in the 1990s: Lucky or Broke?, Supplement   Add   View  2 pp.  Case Author(s): Lodge, George C.; Root, Robin Publication Date: 09/15/1997 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Designed as an in-class handout to supplement the case. Must be used with: (9-796-160) Australia in the 1990s: Lucky or Broke?. HBS Number: 9-798-016 Subjects: Australia; Business government relations; Country analysis Academic Discipline: Business & government    Australia: The Riches and Challenges of Commodities   Add   View  27 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Kim, Renee Publication Date: 06/18/2009 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 709007 Geographic Setting: China; Australia Event Year Start: 1901 Event Year End: 2009 Subjects: Crisis management; Commodities; Economic policy; Foreign investment; Government policy; Balance of payments Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (710066), 10p, by Laura Alfaro, Renee Kim Product Description: Australia's Prime Minister Kevin Rudd faced a daunting task that he never imagined he would have to face when he was elected two years ago. Australia at that time was poised to enter its 17th year of uninterrupted growth. Commodity exports were booming, largely driven by China's insatiable appetite for raw materials. Then the global financial crisis erupted in 2008, brewing challenges for the world's biggest exporter of coal and iron ore. Prime Minister Rudd pushed for massive stimulus packages to revive domestic consumption and demand. Yet as an economy heavily dependent on trade, tumbling commodity prices brewed difficult times for Australia's trade deficit and its persistent large current account deficit. What was in hold for Australia's deficit, which had been in the red all but four years since 1950? In addition, how should policymakers address the intense concerns regarding China's growing interest in Australia's prized natural resources sector?    Bahtulism, Collapse, Resurrection? Financial Crisis in Asia: 1997-1998   Add   View  28 pp.  Case Author(s): Pill, Huw; Mathis, Don Publication Date: 04/14/1998 Revision Date: 01/18/2005 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Describes, in detail, events precipitating crises. Provides both conventional and new explanations of crises. Presents a chronology of crises as the events unfold, and a brief summary of four particular countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, South Korea, Thailand) and their perspective development strategies (18 presented). Teaching Purpose: Provides sufficient background for class discussion of financial crises -- causes, consequences, implications, and prevention. May be used with: (1-799-145) Note: Chronology of the Asian Financial Crisis. HBS Number: 9-798-089 Geographic Setting: Asia Subjects: Asia; Currency; Economic analysis; Economic development; International banking; International finance; Management of crises Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-705-014), 12p, by Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel   Add     12 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-798-089 HBS Number: 5-705-014 Subjects: Asia; Currency; Economic analysis; Economic development; International banking; International finance; Management of crises    Bahtulism, Collapse, Resurrection? Financial Crisis in Asia: 1997-1998   Add   View  28 pp.  Case Author(s): Pill, Huw; Mathis, Don Publication Date: 04/14/1998 Revision Date: 01/18/2005 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 798089 Geographic Setting: Asia Industry Setting: Banking industry Subjects: Crisis management; Currency; Economic analysis; Economic development; International banking; International finance Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (705014), 12p, by Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: Describes, in detail, events precipitating crises. Provides both conventional and new explanations of crises. Presents a chronology of crises as the events unfold, and a brief summary of four particular countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, South Korea, Thailand) and their perspective development strategies (18 presented). May be used with: (799145) Note: Chronology of the Asian Financial Crisis.    Balance of Payments: Accounting and Presentation   Add   View  7 pp.  Case Author(s): Yoffie, David B.; Austin, Jane K. Publication Date: 08/08/1983 Product Type: Note Product Description: Provides an overview of balance of payments accounting and analytical presentation of balance of payments data. Includes sample transactions to illustrate the application of the basic accounting principles and definitions of the standard balances. May be used with: (9-383-073) Kennedy and the Balance of Payments. HBS Number: 9-384-005 Subjects: Balance of payments; EC single market; Economic policy; International trade; Monetary policy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-385-241), 13p, by David B. Yoffie   Add     13 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-384-005 HBS Number: 5-385-241 Subjects: Balance of payments; EC single market; Economic policy; International trade; Monetary policy    Banco Solidario: The Business of Microfinance   Add   View  21 pp.  Case Author(s): Kennedy, Robert E. Publication Date: 01/19/2002 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: Examines the founding and evolution of a for-profit microlending organization in Bolivia. Explores the mechanics of microlending, nonprofit and for profit approaches to serving the informal sector, and how the industry evolves over a 15-year period. Teaching Purpose: To introduce students to microenterprise finance and to consider industry evolution in an emerging market context. HBS Number: 9-702-019 Geographic Setting: La Paz, BoliviaIndustry Setting: microlendingNumber of Employees: 750Gross Revenues: $75 million revenues Event Year Start: 1986Event Year End: 2000 Subjects: Emerging markets; Financial services; Social enterprise Academic Discipline: Business & government    Barack Obama and the Bush Tax Cuts   Add   View  27 pp.  Case Author(s): Weinzierl, Matthew C.; Werker, Eric Publication Date: 01/09/2009 Revision Date: 02/23/2009 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 709037 Geographic Setting: United States Number of Employees: 2700000 Gross Revenue: $2.6 trillion Event Year Start: 2001 Event Year End: 2008 Subjects: Economics; Fiscal policy; Economic policy; Federal government; Business & government Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (709049), 16p, by Matthew C. Weinzierl, Eric Werker Product Description: As his inauguration approached, President-elect Obama faced a financial sector meltdown, a costly bailout, and massive government deficits. With the economy in recession, interest rates near zero, and joblessness on the rise, Obama needed to decide whether, and how much, to use fiscal stimulus to resuscitate the economy. To help students understand Obama's options, the case reviews both the recent tax cuts under President George W. Bush, including the supply-side and demand-management justification given for them, and the broad history of fiscal policy in the United States.    Barack Obama and the Bush Tax Cuts   Add   View  28 pp.  Case Author(s): Werker, Eric; Weinzierl, Matthew Publication Date: 01/09/2009 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 9-709-037 Geographic Setting: United States Number of Employees: 2,700,000 Gross Revenues: $2.6 trillion Event Year Start: 2001 Event Year End: 2008 Subjects: Business & government; Economic policy; Economics; Federal government; Fiscal policy Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: As his inauguration approached, President-Elect Obama faced a financial sector meltdown, a costly bailout, and massive government deficits. With the economy in recession, interest rates near zero, and joblessness on the rise, Obama needed to decide whether, and how much, to use fiscal stimulus to resuscitate the economy. To help students understand Obama's options, the case reviews both the recent tax cuts under President George W. Bush, including the supply-side and demand-management justification given for them, and the broad history of fiscal policy in the United States.    Ben S. Bernanke in 2005   Add   View  14 pp.  Case Author(s): Li, Wei Publication Date: 10/19/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: UV0737 Geographic Setting: United States Industry Setting: Banking industry Subjects: Business & government; Interest rates; Macroeconomics; Monetary policy; World economy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement (Spreadsheet), (UV0913), 0p, by Wei Li Product Description: The case has been used in a first-year required course called Global Economies and Markets in a module on monetary policy. On October 24, 2005, President Bush nominated Ben S. Bernanke to be chairman of the board of governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years along with a 14-year term on the board of governors. With the U.S. Senate confirmation widely anticipated, Bernanke was expected to take over stewardship of the U.S. monetary policy from Chairman Alan Greenspan when he retired in January 2006. While the U.S. economy was in good shape at the end of 2005, Bernanke had to prepare to deal with two challenges when charting a course for managing U.S. monetary policy. First, the sharp rise in energy prices that began in 2002 had the potential to bring back the specter of inflation and dampen desired consumer and business spending. Second, the housing boom could turn into a housing bust, throwing the mortgage industry into turmoil and weakening consumer business confidence. There was also the possibility that the housing bust could affect broader financial markets. Bernanke had to consider his options for dealing with contingencies in the not-so-distant future. May be used with: (UV0922) Alan Greenspan in 2004.    Benjamin Franklin and the Definition of American Values   Add   View  16 pp.  Case Author(s): Tedlow, Richard S. Publication Date: 03/18/1983 Revision Date: 03/31/2008 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 383160 Geographic Setting: United States Subjects: Business & society; Business history; Ethics; Government policy; Political systems Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (384111), 8p, by Richard S. Tedlow Product Description: Discusses the value systems and their relationship to the conduct of business in 18th Century America. Also focuses on Benjamin Franklin, the preeminent colonial American, to examine how business was conducted in his era. Based on an earlier case by B.E. Supple.    Birth of Modern Macroeconomic Policy: Sweden and the Great Depression   Add   View  27 pp.  Case Author(s): Rotemberg, Julio J.; Lewis, Lisa H. Publication Date: 12/08/2003 Revision Date: 04/25/2005 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: By early 1937, a debate over the proper conduct of monetary policy raged in Sweden. Sweden's response to the Great Depression was unique. It had, in particular, embraced a revolutionary goal for monetary policy when it abandoned the gold standard in 1931. Teaching Purpose: To examine the objectives of monetary and fiscal policy. HBS Number: 9-704-029 Geographic Setting: Sweden Event Year Start: 1929 Event Year End: 1937 Subjects: Economic depression; Fiscal policy; Macroeconomics; Monetary policy; Money; Scandinavia Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-705-001), 6p, by Julio J. Rotemberg   Add     6 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-704-029 HBS Number: 5-705-001 Subjects: Economic depression; Fiscal policy; Macroeconomics; Monetary policy; Money; Scandinavia    BitTorrent, Teaching Note   Add     18 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Bagley, Constance E.; Martin, Reed Publication Date: 08/14/2007 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 5-808-023 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (9-806-169) BitTorrent.    BitTorrent: Copyrights in Cyberspace   Add   View  29 pp.  Case Author(s): Bagley, Constance E.; Reed, Martin Publication Date: 04/07/2006 Revision Date: 08/14/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-806-169 Geographic Setting: United States Industry Setting: Entertainment industry; Software industry Number of Employees: 15 Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Business models; Copyright; Corporate law; Intellectual property; Internet; Litigation; Risk management; Software Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-808-023), 18p, by Constance E. Bagley, Reed Martin Product Description: Involves the copyright issues associated with Bram Cohen's revolutionary software program BitTorrent, which makes it possible to transfer very large files, such as movies, at a high speed over the Internet. The program, which is available for free over the Internet, is used for peer-to-peer sharing of movies and music and for the legitimate distribution of licensed software, including games. Also discusses the litigation against Napster and Grokster over peer-to-peer sharing, as well as cases against Google in connection with its efforts to digitize entire libraries to facilitate electronic searches.    Black Magic and the America’s Cup: The Next Time   Add   View  2 pp.  Case Author(s): Enright, Michael J. Publication Date: 03/22/1996 Revision Date: 06/21/1996 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Supplements Black Magic and the America's Cup: The Victory. Must be used with: (9-796-187) Black Magic and the America's Cup: The Victory. HBS Number: 9-796-144 Subjects: Australia; Competition; Management styles; Organizational design; Sports Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-796-175), 12p, by Michael J. Enright, Patricia F. Wakeley   Add     12 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-796-144 HBS Number: 5-796-175 Subjects: Australia; Competition; Management styles; Organizational design; Sports    Blackout: August 14, 2003   Add   View  23 pp.  Case Author(s): Eisenmann, Thomas; Willis, R. Matthew Publication Date: 03/08/2004 Revision Date: 06/28/2004 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Examines the causes of the August 14, 2003 electricity blackout that cascaded throughout the northeastern United States and Canada and proposed solutions to problems facing the electric power industry. Describes the structure, technology, and economics of the electric utility industry and how gradual deregulation beginning in the 1970s placed unprecedented, and unintended, stress on the transmission grid. Discusses the government's role in trying to mitigate congestion along transmission lines and facilitate improved planning and operational coordination through the establishment of independent system operators (ISOs) and regional transmission organizations (RTOs). Also describes the recent financial performance of the electricity industry, the potential costs of modernizing the U.S. transmission infrastructure, and the role of political contributions in shaping regulation. Teaching Purpose: To explore the appropriate scope of government intervention and financial support in shaping the electricity markets and ensuring an adequate and reliable electricity transmission network. HBS Number: 9-804-156 Geographic Setting: United States Industry Setting: energy Event Year Start: 2003 Event Year End: 2003 Subjects: Business government relations; Electric power; Energy policy; Government policy; Networks; Regulation; Utilities Academic Discipline: Business & government    Blair Wealth Project: Antecedents and Prospects   Add   View  25 pp.  Case Author(s): Pill, Huw; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 04/08/2002 Revision Date: 10/24/2002 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Discusses the macroeconomic and political situation in the United Kingdom from the end of World War II through 2001. Focuses on the interactions among macroeconomic performance, labor relations, the corporate governance system, and social services. In particular, compares and contrasts the policies (and their implications) adopted by successive government administrations; from the post-war Clement Attlee Labour government through the administration of Conservative Margaret Thatcher and finally to Tony Blair and "New Labour." Teaching Purpose: To illustrate the interactions among macroeconomic performance, labor relations, the corporate governance system, and social services. HBS Number: 9-702-008 Geographic Setting: United Kingdom Event Year Start: 1945Event Year End: 2001 Subjects: Corporate governance; Inflation; Labor relations; Macroeconomics; Politics; United Kingdom Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement (Note), (9-703-013), 9p, by Huw Pill, Ingrid Vogel, Marie-Laure Goepfer   Add     12 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Pill, Huw Publication Date: 12/18/2003 Product Type: Teaching Note Product Description: Teaching Note to (9-702-008). Must be used with: (9-702-008) The Blair Wealth Project: Antecedents and Prospects. HBS Number: 5-704-025 >Academic Discipline: Business & government    BMW (A) and (B), Teaching Note   Add     14 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Fear, Jeffrey Publication Date: 07/26/2007 Revision Date: 01/19/2008 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 708014 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (705029) BMW (A): Ultimately Driving Away; (708013) BMW (B): Not Driving Away.    Bob Malott and Product Liability Law Reform   Add   View  20 pp.  Case Author(s): Weinberg, Martha Wagner Publication Date: 08/13/1985 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 386014 Geographic Setting: Chicago, IL; Washington Industry Setting: Machinery industry; Chemical industry Gross Revenues: $3.7 billion sales Event Year Start: 1984 Event Year End: 1984 Subjects: Conglomerates; Corporate strategy; Legal aspects of business; Managerial skills; Product liability Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Robert Malott, Chairman and CEO of FMC, must decide whether or not to continue his work on product liability law reform, an issue on which he has worked for almost 10 years. Malott must decide how extensive his own involvement should be and what arguments he can or should make to persuade fellow members of the Business Roundtable and other business leaders to join him.    Bohemian Crowns: Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka (A)   Add   View  27 pp.  Case Author(s): Abdelal, Rawi; Dessain, Vincent; Stachowiak, Monika Publication Date: 09/21/2004 Revision Date: 05/30/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: Tells the story of the Czech transition from a centrally planned to a free market economy, describing the first economic reforms, the fixed-exchange rate regime, and the voucher privatization. Also explains why, in the middle of the 1990s, the Czech Republic liberalized its capital account and how this affected the Czech banking system, leading to a massive credit boom. Explores why Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka (CSOB), the country's fourth largest bank, decided not to participate in the credit boom and how CSOB determined and pursued its expansion strategy. Students assume the position of Pavel Kavanek, CSOB's CEO who, in June 2000, must decide whether CSOB should acquire IPB, another large Czech bank on the brink of bankruptcy. HBS Number: 9-705-007 Geographic Setting: Czech Republic Industry Setting: Banking industry Event Year Start: 1990 Event Year End: 2000 Subjects: Banking; Business government relations; Country analysis; Economic development; Expansion; Government policy; Mergers & Acquisitions; Privatization Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement (Field), (9-705-008), 6p, by Rawi Abdelal, Vincent Dessain, Monika Stachowiak    Bohemian Crowns: Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka (A) & (B), Teaching Note   Add     22 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Abdelal, Rawi Publication Date: 06/20/2006 Revision Date: 02/06/2007 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 5-706-068 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (9-705-007) Bohemian Crowns: Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka (A); (9-705-008) Bohemian Crowns: Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka (B).    Bohemian Crowns: Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka (B)   Add   View  6 pp.  Case Author(s): Abdelal, Rawi; Dessain, Vincent; Stachowiak, Monika Publication Date: 09/21/2004 Revision Date: 05/30/2006 Product Type: Supplement (Field) Product Description: Supplements the (A) case. Must be used with: (9-705-007) Bohemian Crowns: Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka (A). HBS Number: 9-705-008 Geographic Setting: Europe, Eastern Industry Setting: Banking industry Subjects: Banking; Business government relations; Country analysis; Economic development; Expansion; Government policy; Mergers & Acquisitions; Privatization Academic Discipline: Business & government    Bolivia: Globalization, Sovereignty, or Democracy?   Add     24 pp.  Case Author(s): Di Tella, Rafael; Pill, Huw; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 06/13/2002 Revision Date: 03/12/2003 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Describes the economic stabilization program implemented by the Bolivian government in 1985 to 1986 and its impact on the development process in Bolivia. Teaching Purpose: To discuss the implementation of orthodox stabilization programs and their role in coordinating economic behavior on low inflation expectations. HBS Number: 9-702-086 Geographic Setting: BoliviaIndustry Setting: macroeconomics Event Year Start: 1980Event Year End: 2000 Subjects: Inflation; Macroeconomics; South America Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-703-038), 14p, by Rafael Di Tella, Huw Pill   Add     14 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-702-086 HBS Number: 5-703-038 Subjects: Inflation; Macroeconomics; South America    BondsinAsia: Trading Bonds on a Global Franchised e-Platform   Add   View  13 pp.  Case Author(s): Farhoomand, Ali F.; Ho, Mary; Roy, Francoi Publication Date: 08/15/2002 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong Product Description: One of the most frustrating parts of trading bonds in Asia today is that prior to placing a trade, buyers and sellers must spend hours phoning dealers to get quotes and aggregating market research. In July 2000, HSBC, Deustche Bank, and Citigroup joined forces with Bridge e-Markets to form BondsinAsia (BIA), which aimed at facilitating the trading of Asian fixed-income securities. Officially launched in January 2002, BIA rolled out an electronic trading system in Hong Kong and Singapore. The system replaced paper and telephone information gathering by giving access to online price and research information to market participants on an instantaneous, 24/7 basis. As BIA was preparing to expand its portal to other markets, a number of questions remained on many industry players' minds. How would the legal, regulatory, and technical issues affect BIA's cross-market franchise model? HBS Number: HKU215 Geographic Setting: Asia Event Year Start: 2002Event Year End: 2002 Subjects: Antitrust laws; Asia; Bonds; Electronic commerce; International business; Regulation Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (HKU216), 7p, by Ali F. Farhoomand, Mary Ho   Add     7 pp.  Teaching Note For use with HKU215 HBS Number: HKU216 Subjects: Antitrust laws; Asia; Bonds; Electronic commerce; International business; Regulation    Borden Ranch: Balancing Private Property Rights and Social Interests in Ag   Add   View  15 pp.  Case Author(s): Goldberg, Ray A.; Daniels, Donald Publication Date: 11/21/1997 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: Angelo Tsakopoulos wanted to convert grazing land to crop agriculture. He received different advice from different government agencies and became involved in legal battles. Teaching Purpose: To understand the new rules and regulations facing farmers. HBS Number: 9-598-069 Geographic Setting: CaliforniaIndustry Setting: agricultureNumber of Employees: 10Gross Revenues: $20 million revenues Event Year Start: 1997Event Year End: 1997 Subjects: Agribusiness; Agriculture; Environmental protection; Legal aspects of business; Regulation Academic Discipline: Business & government    Botswana: A Diamond in the Rough   Add   View  24 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Spar, Debora; Dev, Vinati; Allibhoy, Faheen Publication Date: 03/31/2003 Revision Date: 11/29/2005 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: In the years since independence, tiny, landlocked Botswana has gone from being one of the world's poorest nations to becoming a stable, prosperous state, blessed with the highest sustained growth rate in the world. This case highlights the role that foreign direct investment (FDI) has played in this success, as well as how strong local institutions have helped to harness the benefits that the foreign investor -- here, the giant De Beers company -- has brought. Also, examines how Botswana was able to avoid the natural resource curse that has haunted so many other resource-abundant countries. HBS Number: 9-703-027 Geographic Setting: Africa Industry Setting: Natural resources Event Year Start: 1966 Event Year End: 2003 Subjects: Business government relations; Developing countries; Economic development; Foreign investment Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-703-036), 21p, by Laura Alfaro   Add   View  21 pp.  Teaching Note HBS Number: 5-703-036 For use with 9-703-027.    Bradesco School System   Add   View  7 pp.  Case Author(s): Scott, Bruce R. Publication Date: 10/18/2000 Revision Date: 03/01/2001 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: The Bradesco school system has approximately 45,000 full time students and 55,000 part time. It is entirely financed by Bank Bradesco at an annual cost approaching $100 million per year. Can or should a private company spend "shareholder money" this way? Teaching Purpose: Firms in developing countries often take on responsibilities beyond those required for business success. Will "globalization" curtail such activities and, if so, with what mix of benefits and costs? HBS Number: 9-701-045 Geographic Setting: Sao Paolo, BrazilNumber of Employees: 100,000 Event Year Start: 1960Event Year End: 1998 Subjects: Economic development; Education; Nonprofit organizations; South America Academic Discipline: Business & government    Brazil 2003: Inflation Targeting and Debt Dynamics   Add   View  24 pp.  Case Author(s): Di Tella, Rafael; Alfaro, Laura; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 02/03/2004 Revision Date: 05/18/2004 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: In October 2002, Brazilians elected a left-wing president, Luis Inacio Lula da Silva, for the first time in that country's history. As markets faltered in response, Lula sought to reaffirm his commitment to fiscal discipline, a floating exchange rate, and inflation targeting. By August 2003, however, his attempt to change market sentiment was coming under threat as the country faced a looming recession. Skeptics began to worry that the new PT (Worker's Party) government would be forced to resort to printing money to meet its campaign promises. Furthermore, after Argentina's massive default on its public debt at the end of 2001, observers were questioning the sustainability of Brazil's debt situation. Lula was under intense pressure to deliver results immediately and implement measures that would help spur the economy. Teaching Purpose: To illustrate debt dynamics in an emerging market economy. To discuss the mechanics and pros and cons of the inflation-targeting approach to a monetary policy. HBS Number: 9-704-028 Geographic Setting: Brazil Event Year Start: 1999 Event Year End: 2003 Subjects: Debt management; Economic conditions; Emerging markets; Inflation; Macroeconomics; Monetary policy; South America Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-704-039), 19p, by Rafael Di Tella, Laura Alfaro, Ingrid Vogel   Add     19 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-704-028 HBS Number: 5-704-039 Subjects: Debt management; Economic conditions; Emerging markets; Inflation; Macroeconomics; Monetary policy; South America    Brazil 2003: Inflation Targeting and Debt Dynamics, Teaching Note   Add     19 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Di Tella, Rafael; Alfaro, Laura; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 05/05/2004 Revision Date: 07/10/2008 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 704039 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (704028) Brazil 2003: Inflation Targeting and Debt Dynamics.    Brazil at the Wheel   Add   View  23 pp.  Case Author(s): Jones, Geoffrey G. Publication Date: 11/13/2003 Revision Date: 10/29/2007 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 9-804-080 Geographic Setting: Brazil Industry Setting: Automotive industry Event Year Start: 1955 Event Year End: 2002 Subjects: Business government relations; Business history; Economic development; Foreign investment; Imports; Industrial policy; Multinational corporations Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-806-033), 9p, by Geoffrey G. Jones Product Description: Taught in the second-year MBA elective on the Evolution of Global Business. Examines the costs and benefits of the Brazilian government's policies to encourage foreign multinationals to develop an automobile industry during the 1950s. A combination of incentives and market closure were used to attract foreign direct investment. Volkswagen responded more positively than the U.S. firms Ford and GM and was able to become market leader as a result.    Brazil at the Wheel   Add   View  23 pp.  Case Author(s): Jones, Geoffrey G. Publication Date: 11/13/2003 Revision Date: 02/10/2010 Product Type: Case (Library) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 804080 Geographic Setting: Brazil Event Year Start: 1955 Event Year End: 2002 Subjects: Business history; Foreign investment; Business government relations; Economic development; Industrial policy; Imports; Multinational corporations Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (806033), 9p, by Geoffrey G. Jones Product Description: Taught in the second-year MBA elective on the Evolution of Global Business. Examines the costs and benefits of the Brazilian government's policies to encourage foreign multinationals to develop an automobile industry during the 1950s. A combination of incentives and market closure were used to attract foreign direct investment. Volkswagen responded more positively than the U.S. firms Ford and GM and was able to become market leader as a result.    Brazil at the Wheel, Teaching Note   Add     9 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Jones, Geoffrey G. Publication Date: 07/27/2005 Revision Date: 04/19/2007 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 5-806-033 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Teaching Note to (9-804-080). Must be used with: (9-804-080) Brazil at the Wheel.    Brazil Confronts an Interdependent World, Supplement   Add   View  2 pp.  Case Author(s): Lodge, George C.; Reavis, Cate Publication Date: 01/13/1999 Revision Date: 09/20/1999 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Supplements the case. Must be used with: (9-799-004) Brazil Confronts an Interdependent World. HBS Number: 9-799-103 Subjects: Business government relations; Economic development; Inflation; Social change; South America Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-799-104), 8p, by George C. Lodge   Add     8 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-799-103 HBS Number: 5-799-104 Subjects: Business government relations; Economic development; Inflation; Social change; South America    Brazil Under Lula: Off the Yellow BRIC Road   Add   View  26 pp.  Case Author(s): Musacchio, Aldo Publication Date: 01/02/2007 Revision Date: 02/15/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-707-031 Geographic Setting: Brazil Event Year Start: 2001 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Business conditions; Economic development; International trade; Macroeconomics; Public administration Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Covers President Lula's challenges to reduce “Brazil cost” and grow like other BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). Experts agreed that for Brazil to grow like other BRIC countries, the Brazilian government would have to reduce the cost of doing business in the country (“Brazil cost”). At the same time, President Lula's challenge is to develop programs that accelerate growth without undermining the progress achieved in reducing inequality and poverty. Can the Brazilian government reverse inequality and grow at the same time? What development strategy should Lula follow in his second term? Does Brazil belong in BRIC? What do these countries have in common?    Brazil Under Lula: Off the Yellow BRIC Road   Add   View  25 pp.  Case Author(s): Musacchio, Aldo Publication Date: 01/02/2007 Revision Date: 03/15/2008 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 707031 Geographic Setting: Brazil Event Year Start: 2001 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Macroeconomics; Business conditions; Economic development; International trade Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (708049), 19p, by Aldo Musacchio Product Description: Covers President Lula's challenges to reduce “Brazil cost” and grow like other BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). Experts agreed that for Brazil to grow like other BRIC countries, the Brazilian government would have to reduce the cost of doing business in the country (“Brazil cost”). At the same time, President Lula's challenge is to develop programs that accelerate growth without undermining the progress achieved in reducing inequality and poverty. Can the Brazilian government reverse inequality and grow at the same time? What development strategy should Lula follow in his second term? Does Brazil belong in BRIC? What do these countries have in common?    Brazil Under Lula: Off the Yellow Brick Road, Teaching Note   Add     19 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Musacchio, Aldo Publication Date: 03/31/2008 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 708049 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (707031) Brazil Under Lula: Off the Yellow BRIC Road.    Brazil: Embracing Globalization?   Add   View  29 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura Publication Date: 04/12/2001 Revision Date: 05/03/2002 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: In 2001, Brazil stands at a crossroads. The country seems to be emerging from decades of economic stagnation. But the economic situation remains tenuous, and Brazil's leaders must now chart a forward course. Most critically, they must decide whether Brazil's future rests with close links to the global economy. Teaching Purpose: Brazil's development strategy, and cost/benefits of regional integration agreements for developing countries. HBS Number: 9-701-104 Geographic Setting: Brazil Event Year Start: 2001 Event Year End: 2001 Subjects: Economic development; Globalization; International trade; South America Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-702-079), 23p, by Laura Alfaro   Add     23 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-701-104 HBS Number: 5-702-079 Subjects: Economic development; Globalization; International trade; South America    Bretton Woods System of Exchange Rates   Add   View  2 pp.  Case Author(s): Wells, Louis T., Jr. Publication Date: 03/25/1997 Revision Date: 05/22/2000 Product Type: Note Product Description: Describes the exchange rate system adopted at Bretton Woods in 1994. Teaching Purpose: Description of institutions to accompany cases on balance of payments and the change in the international monetary system under Nixon. HBS Number: 9-797-093 Subjects: Foreign exchange rates; International business Academic Discipline: Business & government    Building a Sustainable, Profitable Business: Fair Trade Coffee (A)   Add   View  5 pp.  Case Author(s): Hooijberg, Robert; van der Kaaij, Jan Publication Date: 01/01/2003 Revision Date: 03/08/2004 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: IMD - International Institute for Management Development Product Description: Describes the founding of a fair trade coffee company. Asks participants to develop a business plan for the introduction of fairly traded Mexican coffee into the Dutch market. HBS Number: IMD165 Event Year Start: 1985Event Year End: 1985 Subjects: Agricultural cooperatives; Beverages; Business plans; International trade; Mexico; Netherlands; Strategic planning; Trade agreements Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement (Field), (IMD167), 9p, by Robert Hooijberg, Jan van der Kaaij; Supplement (Field), (IMD168), 12p, by Robert Hooijberg, Jan van der Kaaij; Teaching Note, (IMD166), 42p, by Robert Hooijberg, Jan van der Kaaij    Building a Sustainable, Profitable Business: Fair Trade Coffee (A), (B), and (C), Teaching Note   Add     42 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Hooijberg, Robert; van der Kaaij, Jan Publication Date: 09/01/2004 Product Type: Teaching Note Publisher: IMD - International Institute for Management Development HBS Number: IMD166 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Teaching Note to (IMD165), (IMD167), and (IMD168). Must be used with: (IMD165) Building a Sustainable, Profitable Business: Fair Trade Coffee (A); (IMD168) Building a Sustainable, Profitable Business: Fair Trade Coffee (C); (IMD167) Building a Sustainable, Profitable Business: Fair Trade Coffee (B).    Building a Sustainable, Profitable Business: Fair Trade Coffee (B)   Add   View  9 pp.  Case Author(s): Hooijberg, Robert; van der Kaaij, Jan Publication Date: 01/01/2003 Revision Date: 02/21/2005 Product Type: Supplement (Field) Publisher: IMD - International Institute for Management Development Product Description: Supplements the (A) case. Must be used with: (IMD165) Building a Sustainable, Profitable Business: Fair Trade Coffee (A). HBS Number: IMD167 Subjects: Agricultural cooperatives; Beverages; Business plans; International trade; Mexico; Netherlands; Strategic planning; Trade agreements Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (IMD166), 42p, by Robert Hooijberg, Jan van der Kaaij    Building a Sustainable, Profitable Business: Fair Trade Coffee (C)   Add   View  12 pp.  Case Author(s): Hooijberg, Robert; van der Kaaij, Jan Publication Date: 01/01/2003 Revision Date: 03/08/2004 Product Type: Supplement (Field) Publisher: IMD - International Institute for Management Development Product Description: Supplements the (A) case. Must be used with: (IMD165) Building a Sustainable, Profitable Business: Fair Trade Coffee (A). HBS Number: IMD168 Subjects: Agricultural cooperatives; Beverages; Business plans; International trade; Mexico; Netherlands; Strategic planning; Trade agreements Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (IMD166), 42p, by Robert Hooijberg, Jan van der Kaaij    Bulgaria: On the Road to EU Membership   Add   View  27 pp.  Case Author(s): Gual, Jordi; Stroumina, M. Publication Date: 04/21/2005 Revision Date: 05/18/2005 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: IESE University of Navarra HBS Number: IES096 Geographic Setting: Bulgaria; Hungary; Spain; United Kingdom Industry Setting: Aerospace industry; Property management Subjects: Country analysis; EC single market; Economic analysis; Economic development; Macroeconomics Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (IES097), 6p, by Jordi Gual, M. Stroumina Product Description: Uses Bulgaria as an example of an Eastern European economy of transition. Presents the main facts about the country and the economic developments during the Communist years. Looks at the challenges of the early transition years and the 1997 financial crisis, focusing on issues common to Eastern European countries — the high social cost of reforms, dependent central bank, hyperinflation, and currency devaluation. Also looks at the currency board arrangement, its successes (macroeconomic stability and improved image of the country with international investors) and challenges (high social cost due to severe reduction of budget deficit and high current account deficits due to real appreciation of the Bulgarian lev). Discusses the trade and competitiveness of the Bulgarian economy, as well as the economy in 2004. Finally, offers an overview of the EU accession process: Can 2007 be considered a sure entry date for Bulgaria? What new challenges will the country face after accession?    Bulgaria: On the Road to EU Membership, Teaching Note   Add     6 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Gual, Jordi; Stroumina, M. Publication Date: 02/09/2005 Revision Date: 05/06/2005 Product Type: Teaching Note Publisher: IESE University of Navarra HBS Number: IES097 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (IES096) Bulgaria: On the Road to EU Membership.    Burroughs Wellcome and AZT (B)   Add   View  2 pp.  Case Author(s): Emmons, Willis Publication Date: 03/02/1993 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Describes Burroughs Wellcome's response to protests over the pricing of its AIDS drug AZT in September 1989. Also presents short-term reactions by government officials, AIDS activists, and investors to Burroughs Wellcome's strategy. Must be used with: (9-792-004) Burroughs Wellcome and AZT (A). HBS Number: 9-793-114 Industry Setting: Pharmaceutical industry Subjects: Ethics; Multinational corporations; Political risk; Pricing strategy; Public relations Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-793-023), 29p, by Willis Emmons    Burroughs Wellcome and AZT (C)   Add   View  4 pp.  Case Author(s): Emmons, Willis Publication Date: 03/02/1993 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Describes key developments relating to Burroughs Wellcome, AZT and other AIDS drugs, and the AIDS issue in general from late 1989 through 1992. Includes excerpts from Wellcome PLC's financial statements and updated statistics on AIDS in the United States. Must be used with: (9-792-004) Burroughs Wellcome and AZT (A). HBS Number: 9-793-115 Industry Setting: Pharmaceutical industry Subjects: Ethics; Multinational corporations; Political risk; Pricing strategy; Public relations Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-793-023), 29p, by Willis Emmons    Busang: River of Gold (B)   Add   View  2 pp.  Case Author(s): Spar, Debora; Bell, Jeffrey; Dinh-Tan, Chr Publication Date: 10/10/1997 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Supplements the (A) case. Must be used with: (9-798-002) Busang: River of Gold (A). HBS Number: 9-798-003 Geographic Setting: Industry Setting: Subjects: Canada; Foreign investment; Joint ventures; Mining; Public opinion; Regulation Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-798-116), 12p, by Debora Spar   Add     12 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-798-003 HBS Number: 5-798-116 Subjects: Canada; Foreign investment; Joint ventures; Mining; Public opinion; Regulation    Busang: River of Gold (C)   Add   View  3 pp.  Case Author(s): Spar, Debora; Bell, Jeffrey; Dinh-Tan, Chr Publication Date: 09/15/1997 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Supplements the (A) case. Must be used with: (9-798-002) Busang: River of Gold (A). HBS Number: 9-798-004 Geographic Setting: Industry Setting: Subjects: Canada; Foreign investment; Joint ventures; Mining; Public opinion; Regulation Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-798-116), 12p, by Debora Spar   Add     12 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-798-004 HBS Number: 5-798-116 Subjects: Canada; Foreign investment; Joint ventures; Mining; Public opinion; Regulation    Can Florida Orange Growers Survive Globalization?   Add   View  25 pp.  Case Author(s): Goldberg, Ray A.; Hogan, Hal Publication Date: 11/03/2003 Revision Date: 03/08/2004 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: Florida Citrus Department has to deal with increasing competition from Brazil. What position should the industry take on its existing tariff? Who benefits? Who loses? Teaching Purpose: Globalization impacts all major commodity systems. Considers how nations can protect themselves and still work together. HBS Number: 9-904-415 Geographic Setting: FloridaIndustry Setting: citrusGross Revenues: $9 billion revenues Event Year Start: 2003Event Year End: 2003 Subjects: Agribusiness; Agriculture; Competition; Global Research Group; Globalization; Government policy; Trade agreements Academic Discipline: Business & government    Canada Pension Plan Investment Board   Add   View  26 pp.  Case Author(s): Leamon, Ann; Hardymon, G. Felda; Lerner, Josh Publication Date: 01/15/2009 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-809-073 Geographic Setting: Canada Industry Setting: Pension funds industry Number of Employees: 450 Gross Revenues: ~$10B Event Year Start: 2008 Event Year End: 2008 Subjects: Finance; Investment management; Investments; Limited partnerships; Private equity Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: The Canada Pension Plan Investment Board is one of the largest and fastest-growing pools of investment capital in the world and follows an unusually active program of investment management. In the market turmoil of late 2008, Mark Wiseman, Senior Vice President of the Private Investments Department, must decide if this approach is still the best way to fulfill his organization's goal of protecting and increasing the pension assets of 17 million Canadians.    Capital Controls   Add     6 pp.  Case Author(s): Abdelal, Rawi; Alfaro, Laura Publication Date: 04/03/2002 Revision Date: 09/25/2002 Product Type: Note Product Description: Only in the waning years of the 20th century did international financial markets begin to enjoy the freedom from government regulation that they had experienced before the first world war. By 2002, international capital markets had grown to be enormous--$1.2 trillion flowed around the globe per day. The massive size of the market presented policy makers with a serious challenge, as they were forced to grapple with the costs and benefits of such mobile capital. This note briefly relates the modern history of capital controls and summarizes scholarship on the advantages and disadvantages of international financial market regulation. Teaching Purpose: The advantages and disadvantages of international financial market regulation. HBS Number: 9-702-082 Subjects: Business government relations; Economic development; Foreign exchange; Government policy; International banking; International finance; Policy making Academic Discipline: Business & government    Capital Controls in Chile in the 1990s (A & B), Teaching Note   Add     17 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 05/05/2005 Revision Date: 08/02/2007 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 5-705-039 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Teaching Note to (9-705-031). Must be used with: (9-705-031) Capital Controls in Chile in the 1990s (A).    Capital Controls in Chile in the 1990s (A)   Add   View  27 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 03/08/2005 Revision Date: 07/17/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-705-031 Geographic Setting: Chile Event Year Start: 1970 Event Year End: 1998 Subjects: Developing countries; Economic growth; Globalization; International finance; Monetary policy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement (Field), (9-705-032), 11p, by Laura Alfaro, Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel; Teaching Note, (5-705-039), 16p, by Laura Alfaro, Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: In 1991, Chile adopted a framework of capital controls focused on reducing the massive flows of foreign investment coming into the country as international interest rates remained low. Capital inflows threatened the Central Bank's ability to manage the exchange rate within a crawling band, which aimed eventually to lower Chile's rate of inflation to international levels. Until the Asian financial crisis of 1997 and the Russian debt crisis of August 1998, the Chilean economy performed spectacularly under, or perhaps in spite of, these controls. In the aftermath of the Asian and Russian crises, Chile's economy began to suffer through both trade and financial channels. Chile's current account deteriorated not only because Chile relied on Asia as a market for one-third of its exports, but also as the price of cooper, Chile's largest export product, plummeted in the face of dwindling Asian demand. Financial flows to Chile, like to emerging markets in general, fell dramatically as investors panicked. By the end of 1999, Chile had experienced Latin America's most severe “sudden stop” of external capital flows. In this new economic environment, Chile was forced to reevaluate its system of capital controls. Many observers in the private sector blamed the controls for unnecessa    Capital Controls in Chile in the 1990s (B)   Add   View  11 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 03/09/2005 Revision Date: 06/23/2005 Product Type: Supplement (Field) Product Description: Supplements the (A) case. Must be used with: (9-705-031) Capital Controls in Chile in the 1990s (A). HBS Number: 9-705-032 Geographic Setting: South America Subjects: Developing countries; Economic growth; Globalization; International finance; Monetary policy Academic Discipline: Business & government    Cargill (A)   Add   View  20 pp.  Case Author(s): Goldberg, Ray A.; Porraz, Jose Miguel Publication Date: 12/04/2002 Revision Date: 04/11/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-903-420 Geographic Setting: United States Industry Setting: Agribusiness Number of Employees: 97,000 Gross Revenues: $51 billion revenues Event Year Start: 1998 Event Year End: 1998 Subjects: Agribusiness; Commodity markets; Globalization; International business; Strategic intent; Strategy formulation Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement, (9-907-415), 23p, by Ray A. Goldberg, Jose Miguel Porraz Product Description: Cargill is one of the world's leading marketers, processors, and distributors of agricultural, food, industrial, and financial products. In 1998, the company decided to develop a strategic intent to restructure and refocus the company. It did so in response to the consolidation of the industry, globalization, and the impact of the genetic revolution. It had to change its focus from the producer to the consumer and market solutions.    Casablanca Finance Group   Add   View  26 pp.  Case Author(s): Kennedy, Robert E.; Douiri, Ismail Publication Date: 01/06/2000 Revision Date: 09/28/2000 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: Examines the founding and development of an investment bank in Morocco. Two Moroccan expatriates return from Paris and enter the brokerage business. Over the next six years they build the leading financial services firm in the country. Concludes with a series of challenges in 1999. HBS Number: 9-700-063 Geographic Setting: MoroccoIndustry Setting: investment bankingNumber of Employees: 100Gross Revenues: $20 million revenues Event Year Start: 1993Event Year End: 1999 Subjects: Africa; Emerging markets; Financial services; Globalization; Investment banking Academic Discipline: Business & government    Caselets: Bribery and Extortion in International Business (Abridged)   Add   View  2 pp.  Case Author(s): Wells, Louis T., Jr. Publication Date: 06/20/2007 Product Type: Case (Gen Exp) HBS Number: 9-707-052 Geographic Setting: Global Subjects: Bribery; Developing countries; Ethics; International business Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: “Caselets” present several examples of decisions involving bribery or take other actions that could be considered as corrupt.    CEMEX, S.A. de C.V.: Global Competition in a Local Business   Add   View  35 pp.  Case Author(s): Podolny, Joel; Roberts, John; Han, Joon; Hodge, Andrea Publication Date: 07/09/1999 Revision Date: 06/11/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Stanford University HBS Number: IB17 Subjects: International business; Mergers & Acquisitions Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: During the 1990s, CEMEX went from being a purely domestic producer of cement and ready mix in Mexico to the third largest firm in the rapidly globalizing cement industry, with operations in North and South America, Western Europe, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large trading operation. CEMEX's first moves to internationalize itself, by exporting to the United States, fell afoul of an antidumping ruling. It then began a series of acquisitions, first in Spain and then in Central and South America. This case describes the acquisitions and the process of post-merger acquisition. It raises the issue of whether the economic crisis in Southeast Asia presents opportunities for further expansion. Can be used to examine the logic and process of internationalization in a commodity business and the selection of markets to enter. Can also be used to examine the basis for globalization of what many would think of as a very local business. Finally, it presents an opportunity to examine the logic of global competitive moves, as CEMEX's entry into Spain, which was intended explicitly to counter a European rival's aggressive expansion in Mexico. May be used with: (P4) Cemex and Antidumping.    Chain Stores   Add   View  16 pp.  Case Author(s): McCraw, Thomas K. Publication Date: 07/09/1991 Revision Date: 08/31/1998 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Describes the development of chain stores and their opposition up to the Robinson-Patman Act. HBS Number: 9-391-251 Geographic Setting: UnspecifiedIndustry Setting: retail stores Subjects: Business history; Franchising; Legislation; Retailing Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-396-048), 6p, by Richard S. Tedlow   Add     6 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-391-251 HBS Number: 5-396-048 Subjects: Business history; Franchising; Legislation; Retailing    Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Law in Real Estate   Add   View  8 pp.  Case Author(s): Segel, Arthur I.; Mandelbaum, Jeff; Panossian, Armen Publication Date: 06/09/2004 Revision Date: 04/07/2005 Product Type: Note Product Description: Begins with a brief overview of the bankruptcy process, discussing key debtor protections and the administration of claims against the estate. Discusses the treatment of bankruptcies filed by property owners. Also summarizes the tenant's bankruptcy protections and powers relating to the creditor-landlord. Ends with a brief comparison of international bankruptcy regimes. Teaching Purpose: To provide an overview of the bankruptcy process. HBS Number: 9-804-194 Subjects: Bankruptcy; Legal aspects of business; Real estate Academic Discipline: Business & government    Chiaphua Group Vietnam   Add   View  23 pp.  Case Author(s): Shih-Ta Chen, Michael; Retsinas, Nicolas P. Publication Date: 03/21/2007 Revision Date: 11/15/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-207-090 Event Year Start: 2006 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Emerging markets; Real estate Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: As part of its expansion and diversification strategy, the Chiaphua Group explored real estate investments in emerging markets. The Group was one of the largest privately held company groups based in Hong Kong, with international investments in a variety of manufacturing and property development. A family member, Raymond Cheng, had narrowed the list of potential markets to Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Notwithstanding a history of instability and conflict and substantial government control of markets, Raymond concluded that Vietnam was the best option. Revolves around how to assess the market in the absence of hard data, and what would be the appropriate entry points. Illuminates how relationship-driven investments can be the foundation of a long-term investment strategy. Issues also involve how, by working with government through a structured forum (along with personal relations), laws and regulations can evolve to facilitate real estate investments.

Chiaphua Group Vietnam   Add   View  22 pp.  Case Author(s): Shih-Ta Chen, Michael; Retsinas, Nicolas P. Publication Date: 03/21/2007 Revision Date: 03/10/2008 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 207090 Event Year Start: 2006 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Emerging markets; Real estate Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (208122), 7p, by Nicolas Retsinas Product Description: As part of its expansion and diversification strategy, the Chiaphua Group explored real estate investments in emerging markets. The Group was one of the largest privately held company groups based in Hong Kong, with international investments in a variety of manufacturing and property development. A family member, Raymond Cheng, had narrowed the list of potential markets to Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Notwithstanding a history of instability and conflict and substantial government control of markets, Raymond concluded that Vietnam was the best option. Revolves around how to assess the market in the absence of hard data, and what would be the appropriate entry points. Illuminates how relationship-driven investments can be the foundation of a long-term investment strategy. Issues also involve how, by working with government through a structured forum (along with personal relations), laws and regulations can evolve to facilitate real estate investments.    Chile: The Conundrum of Inequality   Add   View  31 pp.  Case Author(s): Scott, Bruce R.; Leight, Jessica Publication Date: 02/05/2007 Revision Date: 09/12/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-907-411 Geographic Setting: Chile Event Year Start: 1970 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Capitalism; Economic policy; Government policy; Income Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Following the violent overthrow of the Allende regime, Chile embarked on economic reforms that emphasized free markets. These reforms were followed by rising inequality as well as growth. In 2005, business leaders speak out on the necessity of reducing the inequalities.    China (A), Supplement   Add   View  4 pp.  Case Author(s): Vietor, Richard H.K. Publication Date: 05/06/1996 Revision Date: 09/26/1997 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Updates China (A): The Great Awakening. To be handed out in class following discussion of the case. Must be used with: (9-794-019) China (A): The Great Awakening. HBS Number: 9-796-167 Subjects: China; Economic development; Foreign investment Academic Discipline: Business & government    China and Its Neighbours   Add   View  23 pp.  Case Author(s): Enright, Michael J.; Tran, Elyssa Publication Date: 11/09/2001 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong Product Description: The emergence of China was one of the most important features of the world economy in the last quarter of the 20th century. At the dawn of the new millennium, most observers believe its subsequent development would be one of the most important features of the 21st century. This view has been bolstered by the successful completion of bilateral negotiations with the United States (in November 1999) and the European Union (in May 2000) over China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO). A growing concern over the impact that China's economic emergence would have on the region, however, has caused policymakers and managers in Asia to begin to take stock of the impact of China's economic emergence on their own economies. This case is designed for an MBA-level course in international business. It explores the interactions between China and its neighbors to date and considers how those interactions will change as China emerges on the world economic stage in the 21st century. Also analyzes the effect of China's entry into the WTO on its neighbors. May be used with: (HKU100) China and the Sino-US WTO Agreement. HBS Number: HKU159 Geographic Setting: China Subjects: China; Competition; International trade Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (HKU160), 20p, by Michael J. Enright, Elyssa Tran   Add     20 pp.  Teaching Note For use with HKU159 HBS Number: HKU160 Subjects: China; Competition; International trade    China and the Sino-US WTO Agreement   Add   View  31 pp.  Case Author(s): Enright, Michael J.; Lee, Andrew Publication Date: 01/01/2000 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong Product Description: The United States and China signed a historic agreement on November 15, 1999 that would pave the way for China to join the World Trade Organization (WTO). While both sides trumpeted the agreement, it would also have profound impacts across various sectors of the Chinese economy. This case is designed for an MBA-level course in International Business. Highlights the major themes of the economic development of the People's Republic of China, and traces its 13-year effort to join the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the WTO. Allows for an exploration of international trade relations, the linkages between international trade and domestic economy, and the challenges of emerging and transitional economies. May be used with: (HKU159) China and Its Neighbours. HBS Number: HKU100 Geographic Setting: China Event Year Start: 1999Event Year End: 1999 Subjects: China; Economic development; International business; International trade Academic Discipline: Business & government    China and the WTO: Doing the Right Thing?   Add   View  30 pp.  Case Author(s): Abrami, Regina Publication Date: 04/05/2004 Revision Date: 09/19/2005 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: In late 2001, the People's Republic of China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). Sets the terms of China's accession agreement against its compliance record some two years later. Discusses why key actors, such as business, organized labor, and other governments, either favored or opposed China's entry into the WTO. In addition, provides historical background on Chinese foreign economic relations, especially trade relations with the United States. Also covers recent changes in China's domestic political economy, including discussion of its new political leadership. HBS Number: 9-704-041 Geographic Setting: China Subjects: Economic conditions; International relations; International trade; Leadership; Political systems Academic Discipline: Business & government    China and the WTO: Doing the Right Thing? (Abridged)   Add   View  26 pp.  Case Author(s): Abrami, Regina Publication Date: 07/08/2004 Revision Date: 09/28/2004 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: In late 2001, the People's Republic of China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). Sets the terms of China's accession agreement against its compliance record some two years later. Discusses why key actors, such as business, organized labor, and other governments, either favored or opposed China's entry into the WTO. In addition, provides historical background on Chinese foreign economic relations, especially trade relations with the United States. Also covers recent changes in China's domestic political economy, including discussion of its new political leadership. HBS Number: 9-705-002 Geographic Setting: China Subjects: Economic conditions; International relations; International trade; Leadership; Political systems Academic Discipline: Business & government    China and the WTO: What Price Membership?   Add   View  27 pp.  Case Author(s): Vietor, Richard H.K.; Galef, Julia Publication Date: 12/22/2006 Revision Date: 04/26/2007 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 9-707-032 Geographic Setting: China Subjects: Economic conditions; International relations; International trade; Leadership; Political systems; Politics; World Trade Organization Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: China has been a member of the WTO for more than five years. Its implementation of requirements has been a mixed bag. While China's growth is still spectacular, many institutional problems remain. And there is a new problem — a spectacular trade asymmetry with the United States.    China and the WTO: What Price Membership?   Add   View  27 pp.  Case Author(s): Vietor, Richard H.K.; Galef, Julia Publication Date: 12/22/2006 Revision Date: 04/09/2008 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 707032 Geographic Setting: China Subjects: Economic conditions; International relations; International trade; Leadership; Political systems; Politics; World Trade Organization Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (708009), 9p, by Richard H.K. Vietor Product Description: China has been a member of the WTO for more than five years. Its implementation of requirements has been a mixed bag. While China's growth is still spectacular, many institutional problems remain. And there is a new problem — a spectacular trade asymmetry with the United States.    China and the WTO: What Price Membership?, Teaching Note   Add     9 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Vietor, Richard H.K. Publication Date: 09/05/2007 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 5-708-009 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (9-707-032) China and the WTO: What Price Membership?.    China Rising: An Economic Snapshot   Add   View  21 pp.  Case Author(s): Abrami, Regina; Zhang, Weiqi Publication Date: 11/19/2007 Revision Date: 12/19/2008 Product Type: Note HBS Number: 9-308-064 Geographic Setting: China Subjects: Developing countries; Economic development; Global business Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: “Rising China: An Economic Snapshot” provides readers with an overview of China's economic transformation, relying on economic data from a variety of sources. It is organized into three sections: (1) “The Big Picture” explores macroeconomic indicators, as well as those associated with the opportunities and constraints of the business environment; (2) “Regional Variation” makes a strong case for situating any analysis of China's economy in context; and finally (3) “China and the Global Economy” shows how China's engagement with the global economy has changed overtime. These materials should be of interest to observers and participants of Chinese business, and as a means to consider the bigger picture shaping the environment in which they must operate. In addition, they may be used as a basis for class discussion and lecture, or as a complement to cases focused on companies doing business in China.    China Supplement   Add   View  4 pp.  Case Author(s): Vietor, Richard H.K.; Thompson, Emily J. Publication Date: 09/15/2000 Revision Date: 04/30/2004 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Updates the case. Must be used with: (9-798-066) China: Facing the 21st Century. HBS Number: 9-701-033 Subjects: China; Economic development; Macroeconomics Academic Discipline: Business & government    China Telecom: WTO Obligations to Regulate Mobile Communications Standards in China   Add   View  8 pp.  Case Author(s): Mottahedeh, Kasra; Bushehri, M. Publication Date: 09/14/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong HBS Number: HKU662 Geographic Setting: China Industry Setting: IT industry; Telecommunications industry Subjects: Barriers; Regulations; Telecommunications; World Trade Organization Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (HKU663), 6p, by Kasra Mottahedeh, M. Bushehri Product Description: The rise of China Telecom's Xiaolingtong mobile technology has given rise to a regulatory debate. Xiaolingtong behaves like a mobile phone (users can roam from city to city and their wireless handsets have SIM cards), but since the technology runs off the fixed-line telecommunications backbone, it is regulated as a fixed-line system. Therefore, although it competes with mobile service providers, it always has the upper hand since it charges fixed-line rates, thereby skewing the mobile market in its favor. Is the Ministry of Information Industry turning a blind eye to this emerging communications technology?    China Versus Japan: On the Verge of a Trade War   Add   View  16 pp.  Case Author(s): Ramon-Berjano, Carola; Wong, Ka-Fu; Iizaka, Hitomi Publication Date: 05/04/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong HBS Number: HKU660 Geographic Setting: China; Japan Industry Setting: Agriculture industry Subjects: Agriculture; International trade; Trade policy; World Trade Organization Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (HKU661), 9p, by Carola Ramon-Berjano, Ka-Fu Wong, Hitomi Iizaka Product Description: In April 2001, Japan curbed imports on three Chinese farm products — fresh shiitake mushrooms, rushes for grass mats, and Chinese onions. In retaliation, in June 2001 China imposed a 100% punitive tariff on imports of three Japanese export products — motor vehicles, mobile phones, and air conditioners. Japan was accused of violating WTO rules. The dispute was subsequently resolved, but given that China was not a WTO member at the time of the dispute, the dispute generated a lot of controversy regarding trade safeguard measures. Introduces students to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and compares it to the old GATT system, and highlights the role of political interest groups in trade policy. Questions whether Japan had a case for citing their safeguard measures or was it just protecting its powerful shiitake mushroom farmers. In addition, questions whether WTO membership would in turn protect China from trade disputes such as this one.    China Versus Japan: On the Verge of a Trade War, Teaching Note   Add     9 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Ramon-Berjano, Carola; Wong, Ka-Fu; Iizaka, Hitomi Publication Date: 05/04/2007 Product Type: Teaching Note Publisher: University of Hong Kong HBS Number: HKU661 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (HKU660) China Versus Japan: On the Verge of a Trade War.    China: “To Get Rich Is Glorious”   Add   View  27 pp.  Case Author(s): Vietor, Richard; Galef, Julia Publication Date: 03/01/2007 Revision Date: 04/05/2007 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 9-707-022 Geographic Setting: China Gross Revenues: $2.2 trillion revenues Event Year Start: 1976 Event Year End: 1997 Subjects: Economic development; Exchange rates; Foreign direct investment; Macroeconomics; Politics; Privatization Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: In 1978, Deng Xiaoping assumed the leadership of an impoverished China, after Mao Zedong's disastrous Cultural Revolution. During the next 17 years, Deng applied pragmatic policies to liberalize the Chinese economy gradually while maintaining the power of the Communist state. In hindsight, this strategy was among the most successful development strategies ever. Reviews Chinese political history and explores in detail eight parts of Deng's development strategy. Concludes by looking at the problems facing Jiang Zemin in 1997 as he takes control of China for the next leg of economic development.    China: Building “Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics”   Add   View  27 pp.  Case Author(s): Spar, Debora; Oi, Jean; Bebenek, Chris Publication Date: 02/14/2006 Revision Date: 10/16/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-706-041 Geographic Setting: China Subjects: Business & government; Country analysis; Economic development; Economic growth; Emerging markets; Political systems Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Describes China's phenomenal development from a poor, communist country to a global powerhouse. Provides background on China's history and culture, details the reforms launched in 1978 by Seng Xiaoping, and describes the situation as of 2006, focusing on the government's attempts to equalize China's financial markets without giving up the reins of central control.    China: The Political System   Add   View  25 pp.  Case Author(s): Abrami, Regina; Zhang, Weiqi Publication Date: 11/15/2007 Revision Date: 03/19/2008 Product Type: Note HBS Number: 9-308-063 Geographic Setting: China Subjects: Developing countries; Economic development; Global business; Government & business Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Offers a detailed overview of the structure and operation of the Chinese political system today. Key issues that are discussed include: 1) the relationship between the Communist Party of China and the state; 2) the relationship between central and local levels of government; 3) the Chinese electoral system; and 4) current pressures for change. Also includes a number of useful exhibits on Communist Party membership, political structure, and the administrative system. Can be assigned alone as an introductory piece to a course on the Chinese business environment or used along with any individual case.    China: To Float or Not to Float? (A)   Add   View  30 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 03/02/2006 Revision Date: 11/21/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-706-021 Geographic Setting: China Industry Setting: Banking industry Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Currency; Exchange rates; Macroeconomics; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-706-060), 20p, by Laura Alfaro, Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: On July 21, 2005 China revalued its decade-long quasi-fixed exchange rate of approximately 8.28 yuan per U.S. dollar by 2.1% to 8.11% and, at the same time, introduced a more market-based exchange rate system. Many analysts and economists were disappointed with what they considered too small a change and called for more flexibility in the U.S. dollar/yuan exchange rate. Modification to China's exchange rate regime had been eagerly anticipated and much debated in the preceding months as China's trade surplus against the United States reached record highs and as friction intensified with Europe and Japan. Also, analysts argued that the tightly managed exchange rate put a strain on China's own economy. Not only was the exchange rate expensive to sustain, but it contributed to — as well as limited China's flexibility in responding to — a potentially overheating economy. Although China's extensive controls on the movement of capital into the country helped to counteract some inflationary pressure, controls were becoming more porous as China increasingly integrated with the world economy. It remained to be seen what China would ultimately choose to do with its exchange rate regime. May be used with: (9-706-022) China: To Float or Not to Float? (B): Timeline of Changes Relevant to the Chinese Renminbi; (9-706-023) China: To Float or Not    China: To Float or Not to Float? (A)   Add   View  30 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 03/02/2006 Revision Date: 04/02/2010 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 706021 Geographic Setting: China Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Currency; Exchange rates; Macroeconomics; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (706060), 21p, by Laura Alfaro, Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: On July 21, 2005 China revalued its decade-long quasi-fixed exchange rate of approximately 8.28 yuan per U.S. dollar by 2.1% to 8.11% and, at the same time, introduced a more market-based exchange rate system. Many analysts and economists were disappointed with what they considered too small a change and called for more flexibility in the U.S. dollar/yuan exchange rate. Modification to China's exchange rate regime had been eagerly anticipated and much debated in the preceding months as China's trade surplus against the United States reached record highs and as friction intensified with Europe and Japan. Also, analysts argued that the tightly managed exchange rate put a strain on China's own economy. Not only was the exchange rate expensive to sustain, but it contributed to — as well as limited China's flexibility in responding to — a potentially overheating economy. Although China's extensive controls on the movement of capital into the country helped to counteract some inflationary pressure, controls were becoming more porous as China increasingly integrated with the world economy. It remained to be seen what China would ultimately choose to do with its exchange rate regime.    China: To Float or Not To Float? (B): Timeline of Changes Relevant to the Chinese Renminbi   Add   View  6 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 03/03/2006 Revision Date: 04/03/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-706-022 Geographic Setting: China Industry Setting: Banking industry Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Currency; Exchange rates; Macroeconomics; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-706-060), 20p, by Laura Alfaro, Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: On July 21, 2005 China revalued its decade-long quasi-fixed exchange rate of approximately 8.28 yuan per U.S. dollar by 2.1 % to 8.11% and, at the same time, introduced a more market-based exchange rate system. Many analysts and economists were disappointed with what they considered too small a change and called for more flexibility in the U.S. dollar yuan exchange rate. Provides a timeline of further changes relevant to the Chinese renminbi. May be used with: (9-706-023) China: To Float or Not to Float? (C ): Esquel Group and the Chinese Renminbi; (9-706-031) China: To Float or Not To Float? (D): Bank of American's Strategic Investment in China Construction Bank; (9-706-035) China: To Float or Not to Float? (E): ABB Investment in China; (9-706-036) China: To Float or Not to Float? (F): Alcatel and Strong Chinese Competition; (9-706-021) China: To Float or Not to Float? (A).    China: To Float or Not to Float? (B): Timeline of Changes Relevant to the Chinese Renminbi   Add   View  11 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura ; Alfaro, Laura ; Di Tella, Rafael ; Di Tella, Rafael ; Vogel, Ingrid ; Kim, Renee Publication Date: 03/03/2006 Revision Date: 03/13/2009 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Harvard Business School HBS Number: 706022 Geographic Setting: China Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Currency; Exchange rates; Macroeconomics; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Case Teaching Note, (706060), 21p, by Laura Alfaro, Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: On July 21, 2005 China revalued its decade-long quasi-fixed exchange rate of approximately 8.28 yuan per U.S. dollar by 2.1 % to 8.11% and, at the same time, introduced a more market-based exchange rate system. Many analysts and economists were disappointed with what they considered too small a change and called for more flexibility in the U.S. dollar yuan exchange rate. Provides a timeline of further changes relevant to the Chinese renminbi.    China: To Float or Not To Float? (C): Esquel Group and the Chinese Renminbi   Add   View  8 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 03/06/2006 Revision Date: 11/20/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-706-023 Geographic Setting: China Industry Setting: Banking industry; Textile industry Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Currency; Exchange rates; Macroeconomics; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-706-060), 20p, by Laura Alfaro, Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: In July 2005, China revalued its currency by 2.1% and adjusted its exchange rate regime toward a more market-based system. Esquel Group, a family-run, privately held textiles firm specializing in high-quality cotton shirts with its most significant manufacturing base located in China, was among those companies confronted with the challenge of addressing the revaluation of the yuan and the possibility of future appreciation. Provides a brief overview of China's textile industry and background on Esquel Group. May be used with: (9-706-022) China: To Float or Not to Float? (B): Timeline of Changes Relevant to the Chinese Renminbi; (9-706-031) China: To Float or Not To Float? (D): Bank of American's Strategic Investment in China Construction Bank; (9-706-035) China: To Float or Not to Float? (E): ABB Investment in China; (9-706-036) China: To Float or Not to Float? (F): Alcatel and Strong Chinese Competition; (9-706-021) China: To Float or Not to Float? (A).    China: To Float or Not To Float? (D): Bank of America’s Strategic Investment in China Construction Bank   Add   View  9 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 03/06/2006 Revision Date: 11/20/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-706-031 Geographic Setting: China; United States Industry Setting: Banking industry Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Currency; Exchange rates; Macroeconomics; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-706-060), 20p, by Laura Alfaro, Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: With its $3 billion investment in Chinese state bank China Construction Bank, Bank of America — the second U.S. bank behind Citigroup in terms of assets and market capitalization — was one of several foreign banks directly participating in China's banking sector reform. Banking sector reform was considered by some analysts to be an important complement to capital account liberalization and further changes to China's exchange rate regime. May be used with: (9-706-022) China: To Float or Not to Float? (B): Timeline of Changes Relevant to the Chinese Renminbi; (9-706-023) China: To Float or Not to Float? (C ): Esquel Group and the Chinese Renminbi; (9-706-035) China: To Float or Not to Float? (E): ABB Investment in China; (9-706-036) China: To Float or Not to Float? (F): Alcatel and Strong Chinese Competition; (9-706-021) China: To Float or Not to Float? (A).    China: To Float or Not To Float? (E): ABB Investment in China   Add   View  10 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 03/06/2006 Revision Date: 11/21/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-706-035 Geographic Setting: China; Switzerland Industry Setting: Banking industry Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Currency; Exchange rates; Macroeconomics; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-706-060), 20p, by Laura Alfaro, Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: In July 2005, China revalued its currency by 2.1% and adjusted its exchange rate regime toward a more market-based system. ABB, a global power and automation technologies company based out of Switzerland with operations in China, was among those companies confronted with the challenge of addressing the revaluation of the yuan and the possibility of future appreciation. Provides background on ABB's activities in China as well as incentives provided by Chinese officials for multinational corporations to move inland. May be used with: (9-706-022) China: To Float or Not to Float? (B): Timeline of Changes Relevant to the Chinese Renminbi; (9-706-023) China: To Float or Not to Float? (C ): Esquel Group and the Chinese Renminbi; (9-706-031) China: To Float or Not To Float? (D): Bank of American's Strategic Investment in China Construction Bank; (9-706-036) China: To Float or Not to Float? (F): Alcatel and Strong Chinese Competition; (9-706-021) China: To Float or Not to Float? (A).    China: To Float or Not to Float? (F): Alcatel and Strong Chinese Competition   Add   View  11 pp.  Case Author(s): Alfaro, Laura; Di Tella, Rafael; Vogel, Ingrid Publication Date: 05/15/2006 Revision Date: 11/21/2006 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 9-706-036 Geographic Setting: China; France Industry Setting: Banking industry; Communications industry Event Year Start: 2005 Event Year End: 2005 Subjects: Competitive strategy; Currency; Exchange rates; Macroeconomics; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-706-060), 20p, by Laura Alfaro, Rafael Di Tella, Ingrid Vogel Product Description: The Chinese operations of Alcatel, a global communications solution provider based in France, were faced with strong local competition and a difficult market. It remained unclear how Alcatel would be able to recover growth in the Chinese market. Initiatives were underway to increase focus on services over equipment, to increase Chinese research and development presence, and to merge with U.S. competitor Lucent. May be used with: (9-706-022) China: To Float or Not to Float? (B): Timeline of Changes Relevant to the Chinese Renminbi; (9-706-023) China: To Float or Not to Float? (C ): Esquel Group and the Chinese Renminbi; (9-706-031) China: To Float or Not To Float? (D): Bank of American's Strategic Investment in China Construction Bank; (9-706-035) China: To Float or Not to Float? (E): ABB Investment in China; (9-706-021) China: To Float or Not to Float? (A).    China’s Accession to the WTO   Add   View  7 pp.  Case Author(s): Vietor, Richard H.K. Publication Date: 01/16/2001 Revision Date: 02/13/2001 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Supplements The World Trade Organization: After the Seattle Protests. Must be used with: (9-700-132) The World Trade Organization: After the Seattle Protests. HBS Number: 9-701-081 Subjects: International business; International trade; Trade agreements Academic Discipline: Business & government    China’s Telecommunications Industry in 2004   Add   View  20 pp.  Case Author(s): Farhoomand, Ali; Tao, Zhigang; Ying, Jiang; Xiang, Liu Tian Publication Date: 01/07/2005 Product Type: Note Publisher: University of Hong Kong Product Description: Introduces the reform and development of China's telecommunications industry in the past 10 years, which led to the current situation with six major players in the market. Discusses several factors affecting the development of the industry, such as WTO accession, legal structure, and 3G technology, further demonstrating that the industry is in transition from a planned monopoly to market-driven competition. As the Chinese government is hesitant to give up complete control, it will retain its strong role in the industry for a period of time. HBS Number: HKU370 Geographic Setting: Hong Kong Industry Setting: Telecommunications industry Event Year Start: 2004 Event Year End: 2004 Subjects: Competition; Globalization; Industry analysis; Market evolution; Monopolies; Regulations; World Trade Organization Academic Discipline: Business & government    Chiquita Brands International (B)   Add   View  3 pp.  Case Author(s): Spar, Debora; Huntsberger, Briana Publication Date: 03/16/2001 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Supplements the (A) case. A rewritten version of an earlier supplement. Must be used with: (9-797-015) Chiquita Brands International (A). HBS Number: 9-701-106 Subjects: Commodity markets; Food; Imports; Interest groups; International trade; Political process; Politics Academic Discipline: Business & government    Chrysalis Capital: Venture Capital in an Emerging Market   Add   View  20 pp.  Case Author(s): Kennedy, Robert E. Publication Date: 08/07/2001 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: Examines the founding and early development of an Indian venture capital firm. Focuses on the opportunity in the Indian high-technology sector, how the founders have adapted the U.S. venture capital model to an emerging market context, and the organizational challenges of early success. Teaching Purpose: To explore the venture capital business in an emerging market context. HBS Number: 9-702-005 Geographic Setting: Bombay, IndiaIndustry Setting: venture capitalNumber of Employees: 23 Event Year Start: 1998Event Year End: 2000 Subjects: Emerging markets; Entrepreneurship; High technology; India; Venture capital Academic Discipline: Business & government    Chrysanthemum and Dragon: JAFCO Asia in China   Add   View  31 pp.  Case Author(s): Abdelal, Rawi; Lane, David Publication Date: 04/14/2006 Revision Date: 10/17/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-706-012 Geographic Setting: Asia Industry Setting: Private equity Number of Employees: 17 Gross Revenues: $100 million revenues Event Year Start: 2006 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Capital budgeting; Competition; Cross cultural relations; Globalization; Venture capital Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-706-069), 12p, by Rawi Abdelal Product Description: In the autumn of 2002, JAFCO Asia, a subsidiary of JAFCO Co., Ltd., became the first foreign private equity firm to open an office in Beijing's Haidian Science Park. JAFCO was the only Japanese private equity firm operating in China. As such, Managing Director Vincent Chan observed, “JAFCO is the bridge between Japan and China.” Yet, under that bridge the waters appeared increasingly choppy. While the economic relationship between Japan and China had grown increasingly close, their political relations had not and some Japanese firms had begun to reassess their commitment to China. Would capital-rich Japan and capital-poor China find a way to transcend their troubled history? Could JAFCO Asia be a catalyst for cooperation, or would its managers find their own operations affected by rivalry between Asia's two most important countries? The mix of formal rules and informal practices that governed foreign private equity firms in China was complex. Opening an office in Beijing signified a renewal of JAFCO Asia's efforts to master these challenges and coincided with an acceleration of the firm's investments. But JAFCO's first years of engagement with China had not been notably successful, and without some fundamental changes, there was little reason to believe that the addition of a physical presence    Chrysanthemum and Dragon: JAFCO Asia in China, Teaching Note   Add     11 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Abdelal, Rawi Publication Date: 06/20/2006 Revision Date: 02/06/2007 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 5-706-069 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (9-706-012) Chrysanthemum and Dragon: JAFCO Asia in China.    Cisco Goes to China: Routing an Emerging Economy   Add   View  21 pp.  Case Author(s): Jones, Geoffrey G.; Kiron, David Publication Date: 07/27/2004 Revision Date: 09/07/2007 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 9-805-020 Geographic Setting: China Gross Revenues: $18.9 million revenues Event Year Start: 1994 Event Year End: 2004 Subjects: Business government relations; Business history; High technology; International business; Internet; Multinational corporations Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Cisco, the corporate leader in the provision of infrastructure for the Internet, entered China in 1994. Companies such as Cisco, which designs products that are largely invisible and outsources their manufacture, face a number of opportunities and challenges in an emerging economy. China was among the fastest growing IT markets in the world, but Cisco faced growing competition from Chinese firms, including Huawei, and there were serious issues arising from software piracy. Cisco also had to manage a delicate relationship with the Chinese government, which was seeking international technology standards that favored Chinese technology firms.    Cisco Goes to China: Routing an Emerging Economy   Add   View  22 pp.  Case Author(s): Jones, Geoffrey G.; Kiron, David Publication Date: 07/27/2004 Revision Date: 02/25/2008 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 805020 Geographic Setting: China Gross Revenues: $18.9 million revenues Event Year Start: 1994 Event Year End: 2004 Subjects: Business government relations; Business history; Computers; International business; Internet; Multinational corporations Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Cisco, the corporate leader in the provision of infrastructure for the Internet, entered China in 1994. Companies such as Cisco, which designs products that are largely invisible and outsources their manufacture, face a number of opportunities and challenges in an emerging economy. China was among the fastest growing IT markets in the world, but Cisco faced growing competition from Chinese firms, including Huawei, and there were serious issues arising from software piracy. Cisco also had to manage a delicate relationship with the Chinese government, which was seeking international technology standards that favored Chinese technology firms.    CITC and Arthur D. Little: Deregulation and Liberaisation of the Saudi Telecom Sector (B)   Add   View  16 pp.  Case Author(s): Bose, Indranil ; Banerjee, Shilpi Publication Date: 07/03/2009 Product Type: Supplement Publisher: University of Hong Kong HBS Number: HKU870 Geographic Setting: Saudi Arabia Subjects: Licensing; Deregulation; Policy making; Business policy; Business & government; Social policy; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Arthur D. Little and CITC, Saudi Arabia's telecom regulator had started developing the licensing framework that was set to bring competition to the Kingdom's telecommunications market. First, they had to decide on the right number of players to enter the fixed line market. Then, the process and criteria for selecting these operators needed to be determined.    CITC and Arthur D. Little: Deregulation and Liberalization of the Saudi Telecom Sector (A)   Add   View  28 pp.  Case Author(s): Bose, Indranil ; Banerjee, Shilpi Publication Date: 06/11/2009 Product Type: Case Publisher: University of Hong Kong HBS Number: HKU831 Geographic Setting: Saudi Arabia Subjects: Deregulation; Policy making; Business policy; Business & government; Social policy; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement, (HKU870), 16p, by Indranil Bose,Shilpi Banerjee Product Description: In 2002, the Communications and Information Technology Commission (CITC), the Saudi Arabian telecommunications regulator, issued the second mobile services licence in the country to Ettihad Etisalat, a UAE-based telecommunications services company. This was Saudi Arabia's first step towards the liberalization of the telecommunications sector. The demand for telecommunications was strong, but development and deployment of new services lagged behind this demand. The government's plan was to attract further multinational players into the country by awarding more licenses for mobile and fixed line service providers by 2006. Arthur D. Little, a global management consulting firm, was hired by CITC in 2006 to assist in the deregulation process of the Saudi telecom market. This case highlights the key concerns and challenges that CITC faced between choosing long-term investments for building a telecommunications infrastructure within Saudi Arabia and providing increasing consumer choices in a country that was experiencing a rapidly growing consumer demand for these services.    Clear Communications Ltd. vs. Telecom Corp. of New Zealand Ltd. (B)   Add   View  6 pp.  Case Author(s): Emmons, Willis; Calles, Martin Publication Date: 04/03/1998 Revision Date: 07/22/1998 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Supplements the (A) case. Must be used with: (9-798-085) Clear Communications Ltd. vs. Telecom Corp. of New Zealand Ltd. (A). HBS Number: 9-798-091 Geographic Setting: Industry Setting: Subjects: Business government relations; Competition; Deregulation; Monopolies; Privatization; Telecommunications Academic Discipline: Business & government    Codex Alimentarius and Food Labeling   Add   View  18 pp.  Case Author(s): Goldberg, Ray A.; Hogan, Harold F., Jr. Publication Date: 10/28/2002 Revision Date: 02/28/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: Codex Alimentarius is a set of international food standards devised by the Codex Commission, a body within the United Nations jointly sponsored by the FAO and WHO. The purpose of the standards is to harmonize global trade in food products and agricultural commodities, protect the health of consumers, and promote fair trade practices in foods. A subset of the commission's work involved establishing international food labeling standards. The most disputed issue in food labeling dealt with the topic of genetically modified ingredients and how to treat them. HBS Number: 9-903-417 Industry Setting: Agribusiness; Food industry Event Year Start: 2002 Event Year End: 2002 Subjects: Agribusiness; Food; Standardization; Trade agreements Academic Discipline: Business & government    Colbun—Powering Chile   Add   View  25 pp.  Case Author(s): Herrero, Gustavo; Reinhardt, Forest ; Patnaik, Sanjay Publication Date: 06/03/2009 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-709-060 Geographic Setting: Chile; Latin America Number of Employees: 700 Gross Revenues: $1.3 billion (FY2008) Event Year Start: 2009 Event Year End: 2009 Subjects: Business government relations; Economic development; Energy; Government; Laws & regulations; Long term planning; Politics; Strategic planning Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: The case is about Colbun, one of Chile's major electricity companies, and its operations in a historically regulated industry.    Collision Course in Commercial Aircraft: Boeing-Airbus-MD — 1991 (B)   Add   View  2 pp.  Case Author(s): Yoffie, David B. Publication Date: 06/27/1994 Product Type: Supplement (Library) Product Description: Updates the (A) case. Must be used with: (9-391-106) Collision Course in Commercial Aircraft: Boeing-Airbus-McDonnell Douglas--1991 (A). HBS Number: 9-794-149 Subjects: Aircraft; Business government relations; EC single market; International business; Transportation Academic Discipline: Business & government    Colombia: Organizing for Competitiveness   Add   View  34 pp.  Case Author(s): Porter, Michael E.; Ramirez-Vallejo, Jorge Publication Date: 09/10/2009 Revision Date: 09/24/2009 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 710417 Geographic Setting: Columbia Event Year Start: 1990 Event Year End: 2008 Subjects: Clusters; Competition; Competitive environment; Industry analysis; Strategy Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: The case is designed to explore the process of building competitiveness, particularly in an unstable environment, with a focus on organizations for competitiveness.    Commercial Capital SA (A)   Add   View  31 pp.  Case Author(s): Goldberg, Ray A.; Knoop, Carin-Isabel; Str Publication Date: 11/30/2000 Revision Date: 01/03/2001 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: In 1996, Commercial Capital, a Greek venture capital firm, partnered with Saint George's Mill, a Greek flour miller, to explore agribusiness opportunities in Central and Eastern Europe. In 1997, the two companies were considering buying Titan, the largest flour mill and bakery in Bucharest, Romania, which was being privatized. Teaching Purpose: Illustrates how to approach and do business in former Communist countries such as Romania. Gives a complete overview of the challenges and opportunities raised by the Romanian privatization of the agribusiness industry. May be used with: (9-901-012) Commercial Capital SA (B). HBS Number: 9-901-005 Geographic Setting: Greece/RomaniaIndustry Setting: agribusinessNumber of Employees: 76Gross Revenues: $55 million revenues Event Year Start: 1997Event Year End: 1997 Subjects: Acquisitions; Agribusiness; Eastern Europe; Food processing industry; Global Research Group; Political risk; Privatization; Venture capital Academic Discipline: Business & government    Commercial Capital SA (B)   Add   View  5 pp.  Case Author(s): Goldberg, Ray A.; Knoop, Carin-Isabel; Str Publication Date: 11/30/2000 Revision Date: 12/12/2000 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: In 1997, Commercial Capital, a Greek venture capital firm, and its partner Saint George's Mill, a Greek flour miller, were awarded the tender for Titan, the largest flour mill and bakery in Bucharest, Romania, by the Romanian government. The two partners had to learn how to manage the mill and make it prosper in a country in economic transition. Teaching Purpose: Illustrates how to manage investments in former Communist countries such as Romania. Dwells on the necessity for Westerners to change their mindsets and practices in order to be successful. May be used with: (9-901-005) Commercial Capital SA (A). HBS Number: 9-901-012 Geographic Setting: Greece/RomaniaIndustry Setting: agribusinessNumber of Employees: 76Gross Revenues: $55 million revenues Event Year Start: 1997Event Year End: 1997 Subjects: Acquisitions; Agribusiness; Eastern Europe; Food processing industry; Global Research Group; Political risk; Privatization; Venture capital Academic Discipline: Business & government    Common Agricultural Policy and the Future of French Farming   Add   View  23 pp.  Case Author(s): Trumbull, Gunnar; Corsi, Elena; Dessain, Vincent Publication Date: 12/15/2006 Revision Date: 03/21/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-707-027 Geographic Setting: Europe; France Industry Setting: Agriculture industry Event Year Start: 2006 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Agriculture; EU; Subsidies; Tariffs; Trade policy Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Presents the history and evolution of the EU Common Agricultural Policy, from early price supports to the 2003 decision to “decouple” payments to European farmers. Explores the logic behind agricultural supports, with a focus on the economic, political, and cultural context of French farming. Discusses efforts to reform the CAP in the context of the Doha Round of WTO negotiations against the backdrop of European enlargement.    Community Forestry Bonds   Add   View  10 pp.  Case Author(s): Anderson, Terry; Brown, Matthew Publication Date: 03/01/2000 Revision Date: 06/22/2001 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Stanford University Product Description: US Forest Capital was founded in 1998 by Joe Euphrat and Tom Tuchmann to allow nonprofit organizations to participate in the market for forestland through low-yield, tax-exempt revenue bonds, thereby making tax-exempt sustainable forestry a reality. With access to a well-established financial market, nonprofit organizations would be able to raise the considerable sums needed to become active in the market for forestlands. And by using tax-exempt bonds, the nonprofits could manage their forestland more sustainably because their obligations to pay back interest would not be as high. US Forest Capital proposed the use of tax-exempt revenue bonds: bonds “secured by revenue from tolls, user charges, or rents derived from the facility financed.” In the case of a forest purchased with the revenue bonds, revenue from the operation of the forest, such as timber harvests, would be used to meet the obligation to the bondholders. To realize their plan, US Forest Capital and its partners must convince the U.S. Congress to amend the Internal Revenue Code to allow nonprofit organizations to issue the bonds for the purpose of forestry purchases. Teaching Purpose: To demonstrate the coalition building and strategies needed to overcome the obstacles of special interest group behavior and political restrictions. HBS Number: P29 Geographic Setting: San Francisco, CA Industry Setting: investment banking Number of Employees: 4 Event Year Start: 1990 Event Year End: 1999 Subjects: Environmental protection; Financial strategy; Incentives; Investment banking; Nonprofit organizations; Public policy Academic Discipline: Business & government    Competition Policy in the European Union and the Power of Microsoft   Add   View  24 pp.  Case Author(s): Rotemberg, Julio J.; Kalka, Michelle Publication Date: 04/10/2001 Revision Date: 06/26/2001 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Focuses on a decision by the European Competition Commissioner Mario Monti about U.S.-based Microsoft Corp. Sun has complained to the commission that Microsoft has installed components in its desktop operating system that only “talk'' to Microsoft operating systems for servers. Sun has further complained that Microsoft released information about its operating systems to some partners but not to Sun. The commission has issued a formal complaint but Monti's decision is still pending at the time of the case. As background for this decision, the case contains information about the U.S. antitrust case against Microsoft, about U.S. and European competition laws, and about the way European lawmakers have dealt with interconnections among IT components in the past. Teaching Purpose: The proper role of antitrust and the evolution of the European Commission. HBS Number: 9-701-043 Geographic Setting: Belgium Event Year Start: 2000 Event Year End: 2001 Subjects: Antitrust laws; Belgium; Competition; Computer industry; EC single market; Europe Academic Discipline: Business & government    Compulsory Licensing, Thailand, and Abbott Laboratories   Add   View  9 pp.  Case Author(s): Baron, David P. Publication Date: 10/20/2008 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Stanford University HBS Number: P66 Geographic Setting: Thailand Industry Setting: Pharmaceutical industry Subjects: International business; Legal aspects of business; Legal issues; Patents; Public relations; World Trade Organization Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product.    Conceptual Overview: Managing International Trade and Investment   Add     40 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Huang, Yasheng Publication Date: 04/12/2002 Product Type: Teaching Note HBS Number: 5-702-065 Subjects: Business government relations; Foreign investment; International business Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: Managing International Trade and Investment (MITI), an elective course for second-year MBA students, approaches international business issues from an institutional perspective. A fundamental premise of MITI is that globalization is a process whereby powerful economic forces accentuate and bring into sharp focus the institutional differences among countries. Economic convergence--defined here as a process of increasing reliance on foreign investment and, to a lesser extent, foreign trade--may have occurred, but institutional divergence has persisted and is unlikely to go away soon. The field-based cases and supplemental readings in MITI are either written or taught with the objective of deepening students' understanding of and sensitivities to institutional and other nonmarket issues in international business.    Conflicting Interests in Taxi-Fare Regulation   Add   View  15 pp.  Case Author(s): Wong, Ka-Fu; Wong, Richard; Ramon-Berjano, Carola Publication Date: 01/12/2005 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong Product Description: Investigates the Hong Kong government's decision-making process in relation to the 2003 New Territories Taxi Fare Reduction Scheme. Under the scheme, the government first decided to cut fares for all New Territories taxis by 20% and then reinstated previous fare levels within one month because of protests by some taxi operators. The taxi industry in Hong Kong can be considered a cartel consisting of three major groups of taxi operators: rentee-drivers, renter-owners, and owner-drivers. Each group has its own interests and agenda regarding the fare structure and regulations. Identifies operators who supported and opposed the fare concession scheme. HBS Number: HKU366 Geographic Setting: Hong Kong Event Year Start: 2003 Event Year End: 2003 Subjects: Business & government; Cartels; Decision making; Industry analysis; Prices; Regulations Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (HKU367), 7p, by Ka-Fu Wong, Richard Wong, Carola Ramon-Berjano    Conflicting Interests in Taxi-Fare Regulation, Teaching Note   Add     7 pp.  Teaching Note Author(s): Wong, Ka-Fu; Wong, Richard; Ramon-Berjano, Carola Publication Date: 01/12/2005 Product Type: Teaching Note Publisher: University of Hong Kong HBS Number: HKU367 Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: An abstract is not available for this product. Must be used with: (HKU366) Conflicting Interests in Taxi-Fare Regulation.    Consumer Awareness or Disease Mongering? GlaxoSmithKline and the Restless Legs Syndrome   Add   View  5 pp.  Case Author(s): Baron, David P. Publication Date: 10/20/2008 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: Stanford University HBS Number: P69 Geographic Setting: England; United States Industry Setting: Pharmaceutical industry Subjects: Advertising campaigns; Advertising ethics; Direct marketing; Marketing campaigns; Marketing strategy; Public relations Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: In 2005, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market Requip (Ropinirole) for Restless Leg Syndrome. Requip had already been approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Prior the FDA's approval, GSK had already undertaken an intensive promotional campaign for Requip, issuing press releases, advertising to doctors in medical journals, and advertising direct-to-consumer. In 2003 it began developing consumer awareness of RLS with an advertising campaign stating that a “new survey reveals a common yet underrecognized disorder — restless legs syndrome — is keeping Americans awake at night.” While GSK explained that its campaign was simply raising awareness about RLS, others disagreed. GSK was accused of 'disease mongering,' or trying to turn normal people with ordinary experiences into patients. This case explores GSK's tactics and the distinction between raising awareness and inappropriately promoting a drug.    Consumer Lending in Japan: Citi CFJ (A)   Add   View  20 pp.  Case Author(s): Kanno, Akiko; Trumbull, Gunnar Publication Date: 10/01/2008 Revision Date: 09/10/2009 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 9-709-017 Geographic Setting: Japan Industry Setting: Banking industry Event Year Start: 2000 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Consumer credit; Foreign investment Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Supplement (Field), (9-710-018), 8p, by Akiko Kanno, Gunnar Trumbull Product Description: Despite a tradition of high household savings, Japan has supported a dynamic and technically sophisticated consumer lending sector. The high profitability of the sector has periodically attracted interest from domestic banks as well as international investors. Most recently, in 1998 and 2000 respectively, GE Capital and Citi Financial both acquired Japanese consumer lending companies. In 2006, when the Japanese Supreme Court rules that one of the big Japanese consumer lenders must repay a borrower for “excess interest payments,” the U.S. firms must decide how to respond.    Consumer Lending in Japan: Citi CFJ (B)   Add   View  8 pp.  Case Author(s): Kanno, Akiko; Trumbull, Gunnar Publication Date: 09/10/2009 Product Type: Supplement (Field) HBS Number: 9-710-018 Geographic Setting: Japan Event Year Start: 2008 Event Year End: 2008 Subjects: Consumer credit; Finance Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: As the regulatory environment for consumer lending evolves, CFJ has to decide how to respond. Must be used with: (9-709-017) Consumer Lending in Japan: Citi CFJ (A).    Convention on Biological Diversity: Engaging the Private Sector   Add   View  39 pp.  Case Author(s): Bell, David E.; Shelman, Mary Publication Date: 12/12/2006 Revision Date: 12/14/2007 Product Type: Case (Field) HBS Number: 9-507-020 Geographic Setting: Global Industry Setting: Agriculture industry Number of Employees: 70 Event Year Start: 2006 Event Year End: 2006 Subjects: Agribusiness; Agriculture; Developing countries; Environmental protection; Environmental regulations; Government & business; Natural resources Academic Discipline: Business & government Product Description: The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was a U.N. treaty that by 2006 had been signed by virtually every country in the world except for the United States. The treaty established three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. Although the treaty had been in effect for almost 15 years, progress was slow. CBD Executive Secretary Ahmed Djoghlaf needed to increase the participation of the private sector in order to meet the treaty's “2010 Target,” which called for a significant reduction in the loss of biodiversity at all levels (global, regional, and national). Provides background on the relationship between biodiversity and agriculture.    Cooperating to Compete: EGS of Turkey   Add   View  11 pp.  Case Author(s): Ghemawat, Pankaj; Foley, C. Fritz Publication Date: 09/08/1998 Product Type: Case (Field) Product Description: In the early 1980s, Turkey adopted policies that liberalized trade as a part of a structural adjustment program. Within the garment industry, small- and medium-scale enterprises were not well positioned to take advantage of the new opportunities to compete in international markets. In order to overcome challenges in marketing, obtaining financing, and negotiating with government trade officials, competitors came together to form Ege Giyim Sanayi ve Dis Ticaret A.S. (EGS). EGS's rapid expansion forced it to face crucial questions about both its governance structure and future diversification opportunities. HBS Number: 9-799-024 Geographic Setting: TurkeyIndustry Setting: textiles Event Year Start: 1980Event Year End: 1996 Subjects: Competition; Corporate governance; Eastern Europe; Expansion; Industry structure; International business; Organizational structure; Textiles; Trade policy Academic Discipline: Business & government    Corporate Renewal in America   Add   View  32 pp.  Case Author(s): Scott, Bruce R.; Mondschean, Thomas S. Publication Date: 01/15/2002 Revision Date: 09/30/2002 Product Type: Case (Library) HBS Number: 9-702-018 Geographic Setting: United States Event Year Start: 1960 Event Year End: 2001 Subjects: Corporate governance; Macroeconomics; Productivity; Profitability; Restructuring Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (5-703-023), 28p, by Bruce R. Scott, Thomas S. Mondschean Product Description: Discusses various macroeconomic, regulatory, technological, and financial forces that led to increased corporate restructuring in the United States beginning in the mid-1980s. The U.S. financial system is often viewed as the most developed in the world and a model for other countries to follow. Similarly, the U.S. model of corporate governance — with its emphasis on shareholder value and an active market for corporate control — is also viewed as a model. Examines pressures for corporate restructuring and the emergence of an active market for corporate control for very large firms beginning in the early 1970s. Discusses the effects of this restructuring on corporate profitability and productivity. Provides data on the evolution of a number of indicators of performance, including productivity by sector, market capitalization relative to replacement cost, and rates of return both on assets and on equity. In brief, it finds that U.S. firms showed significantly improved after-tax returns on shareholder equity over the period while failing to make significant improvements on their pre-tax returns on assets — adjusted for the effects of the business cycle. Given the lack of comparable accounting data on returns across countries, conclusions about the performance of U.S. firms versus European ones isn't possible. Teaching Purpose: To compare and evaluate German, Japan   Add     28 pp.  Teaching Note For use with 9-702-018 HBS Number: 5-703-023 Subjects: Corporate governance; Macroeconomics; Productivity; Profitability; Restructuring    Corruption in International Business (A)   Add   View  10 pp.  Case Author(s): Kennedy, Robert E.; Di Tella, Rafael Publication Date: 03/29/2001 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Explores various aspects of corruption in international business. This case is organized in two sections. The first section provides a broad discussion of the ethical, business, and legal aspects of corruption. The second section provides a series of "caselets" that are designed to promote discussion of how students would act in particular situations, as well as the potential costs and benefits of these actions. Teaching Purpose: To introduce students to the issues surrounding corruption in international business. May be used with: (9-701-129) Corruption in International Business (B). HBS Number: 9-701-128 Subjects: Bribery; Emerging markets; Ethics; International business; Public policy Academic Discipline: Business & government    Corruption in International Business (B)   Add   View  8 pp.  Case Author(s): Kennedy, Robert E.; Di Tella, Rafael Publication Date: 04/02/2001 Product Type: Case (Library) Product Description: Focuses on efforts to combat corruption. Approaches include international laws, international agreements, efforts by international development organizations, and private efforts by firms and non-governmental organizations. Teaching Purpose: To introduce students to the issues surrounding corruption in international business. May be used with: (9-701-128) Corruption in International Business (A). HBS Number: 9-701-129 Subjects: Bribery; Emerging markets; Ethics; International business; Public policy Academic Discipline: Business & government    Cost for Cleaner Air: Hong Kong’s LPG Vehicle Scheme   Add   View  16 pp.  Case Author(s): Wong, Ka-fu; Chan, Chester; Stimson, Mark Publication Date: 08/28/2006 Product Type: Case (Field) Publisher: University of Hong Kong HBS Number: HKU586 Geographic Setting: China; Hong Kong Industry Setting: Petroleum industry Subjects: Alternative energy; Business & society; Business government relations; Petroleum; Pricing; Regulations; Subsidies Academic Discipline: Business & government Supplementary Materials: Teaching Note, (HKU587), 7p, by Ka-fu Wong, Chester Chan, Mark Stimson Product Description: Studies a Hong Kong government environmental mandate to replace the territory's diesel-powered taxicab fleet with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-powered vehicles. In order to encourage the transition, taxi owners were given cash grants to purchase new LPG vehicles and drivers were promised “cheap” fuel. In exchange for selling at or below capped prices, certain companies received “free” land to develop dedicated LPG filling stations. Other local filling stations sold LPG fuel alongside gasoline and diesel fuel, although at market prices. All stations in the territory were supplied by fuel imported from abroad.    Country Analysis Framework   Add   View  6 pp.  Case Author(s): Austin, James E. Publication Date: 12/12/1988 Revision Date: 12/05/1989 Product Type: Note Product Description: Presents basic framework for country analysis as used in Business, Government, and the International Economy course. HBS Number: 9-389-080 Subjects: Business conditions; Business government relations; Economic analysis; International business; Politics Academic Discipline: Business & government    Country Analysis in a “Global Village”   Add   View  29 pp.  Case Author(s): Scott, Bruce R. Publication Date: 01/12/2001 Product Type: Note Product Description: Substantially rewritten to esta